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• W3204090411 abstract "The synergy of active and passive microwave measurements has attracted considerable attention in recent years since they offer complementary information on the characteristics of the observed target (e.g., soil moisture), which motivates the launch of NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission. An assumption of a near-linear relationship between active and passive measurements has been made in the SMAP active–passive baseline algorithm, which is essential to downscale coarse-resolution radiometer brightness temperature (TB) using high-resolution radar backscatter ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink> <tex-math notation=LaTeX>$sigma ^{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) but has not yet been fully tested under a wide range of ground conditions. Motivated by this, we first examined the validity of the linear assumption by using concurrent and coincident SMAP active and passive observations under diverse environmental factors (e.g., land cover, climate types, terrain and its complexity, soil texture, vegetation coverage, soil moisture, and its dynamics). We also adopted SMAP enhanced TB to evaluate the performance of the disaggregated TB at the same grid resolution of 9 km. The results reveal there is a generally good linear relationship between <inline-formula xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink> <tex-math notation=LaTeX>$sigma ^{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (no matter in dB or in linear unit) and TB at a global scale. There is no significant difference in the correlation among the four polarization combinations ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink> <tex-math notation=LaTeX>$sigma ^{0}_{text {hh}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> versus TB <sub xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>h</sub> , <inline-formula xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink> <tex-math notation=LaTeX>$sigma ^{{0}}_{text {hh}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> versus TB <sub xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>v</sub> , <inline-formula xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink> <tex-math notation=LaTeX>$sigma ^{{0}}_{text {vv}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> versus TB <sub xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>h</sub> , and <inline-formula xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink> <tex-math notation=LaTeX>$sigma ^{{0}}_{text {vv}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> versus TB <sub xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>v</sub> ) with the <inline-formula xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink> <tex-math notation=LaTeX>$sigma ^{{0}}_{text {vv}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and TB <sub xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>h</sub> combination displaying an overall slightly higher correlation. The linear relationship between <inline-formula xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink> <tex-math notation=LaTeX>$sigma ^{{0}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and TB is significantly affected by environmental factors. Particularly in bare soils and densely vegetated areas (e.g., large forest fraction and vegetation coverage), and arid and polar climate zones, the linear correlation between active and passive measurements worsens, whereas it is favorable in moderate vegetation and soil moisture as well as large soil moisture dynamic conditions. Interestingly, the linear correlation generally decreases as sand content increases while increases with the increase of clay content. The absolute linear correlation coefficient is higher with larger soil moisture dynamics. When compared to SMAP enhanced TB, it shows the linear assumption may have more influence on the correlation (i.e., temporal evolution) of downscaled TB than its absolute accuracy. These findings can enhance the understanding of the geophysical relationship between radar and radiometer signatures, and thus benefit active–passive joint algorithms for future satellite missions." @default.
• W3204090411 created "2021-10-11" @default.
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• W3204090411 date "2022-01-01" @default.
• W3204090411 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
• W3204090411 title "On the Relationship Between Radar Backscatter and Radiometer Brightness Temperature From SMAP" @default.
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• W3204090411 doi "https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3115140" @default.
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