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- W3204188528 endingPage "114721" @default.
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- W3204188528 abstract "Mars ionospheric temperatures exhibit profound variability based on, for example, changes in solar irradiance, solar local time, season, and latitude. The close coupling between ionospheric temperatures and neutral thermospheric density is of even greater importance. To evaluate these effects and to quantify their contributions to electron temperature, we developed the Temperature of electrons Specification for the Mars Ionosphere (TeSMI). After identifying the strongest correlations between the model inputs and the observed electron temperatures, several additional corrections were examined and implemented. The primary source of climatological variability was related to neutral pressure, local solar time, and 17-22 nm irradiance. In addition to this, changes due to seasonal effects and latitude each required 5–10% of additional corrections. Evaluating the electron temperatures on which TeSMI is based provided an opportunity to study several relevant ionospheric phenomena. One of these is the solar cycle dependence of electron temperature which is found to be relatively small compared with other sources of variability. Solar minimum temperatures are on average 7–12% lower than those at solar maximum during solar cycle 24. The solar cycle dependence also appears stronger at aphelion than at other times. Furthermore, at Mars perihelion, electron temperatures seem to increase in response to a possible source of heating from the lower atmosphere. Furthermore, we identify cold and warm regions with respect to the TeSMI model that occur in specific aerographic locations. These regions of warmer and colder temperatures appear organized with respect to the crustal magnetic field locations at altitudes above 170 km. This is the first time that the effect of the crustal field is identified in the statistical electron temperature data below 200 km. Lastly, at the lowest altitudes (160–180 km) analyzed here, the equatorial ionosphere is colder than the polar regions by 5–15% which is interpreted to be a result of the atmospheric circulation pattern." @default.
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- W3204188528 date "2023-03-01" @default.
- W3204188528 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W3204188528 title "An empirical model of electron temperatures in the Mars ionosphere based on Langmuir probe measurements in the descending phase of solar cycle 24" @default.
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- W3204188528 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114721" @default.
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