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• W3204286228 abstract "<h3>Background</h3> In 1854, a group of women established The Nursery and Child’s Hospital (NCH) in New York City. Given the slower progress of advances in treatment offered at the time, focus within the hospital turned instead to preventative action. Paediatricians and public health reformers united in opposition to institutionalised childcare. Instead, they encouraged maternal education surrounding infant feeding and childhood development norms. Eventually, emphasis shifted to securing a ‘home-life’ for every child, resulting in a national investment in foster-care. Several organisations set up their own systems of placing children in homes. These were both praised and condemned by contemporary examination. More recent criticism of the larger organisations, through the perspectives of the children themselves, has revealed hundreds of incidences of neglect and abuse in these foster-homes. <h3>Objectives</h3> To situate the NCH’s history within the wider American child welfare movement To examine the role of overlooked institutions in the Western foster-care movement To evaluate the NCH’s Boarding-Out Department at the NCH in comparison with other foster-care systems <h3>Methods</h3> First, I researched the American child welfare and Western foster-care movement by reading relevant secondary literature to gain an overview whilst also looking for gaps regarding the role of institutions. Next, I examined the material at the New York Historical Society and Weill-Cornell archives to gain an understanding of the NCH, whilst contextualising its decisions using the secondary literature and discriminating material relevant to foster-care for inclusion. Finally, I compared the NCH’s approach to foster-care with the wider movement. Using contemporary criticisms, I made value judgements on the institution’s work in this field by comparing it to successes and failures of other systems. <h3>Results</h3> Following considerable lobbying against institutionalised childcare, the NCH retreated to a temporary refuge, rather than a permanent residence for children. A new national emphasis on ‘home-life’ caused the NCH to expand its community work, particularly with regards to placing children in foster-homes using its Boarding-Out Department. The NCH emphasised the importance of rural environments, a concept rooted in the miasmatic theory of disease, (‘bad air’ caused illness) and eugenic theories (that physical and moral degeneration was caused by urban filth). By sending children away from the city to rural homes, they would grow up morally and physically superior. To distance itself from the charges of neglect against some foster-care organisations, the NCH devised measures which would ensure continuity of care. After children were placed in homes, nurses made regular visits, inspecting the environment, as well as examining children for signs of neglect or abuse. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The role of institutions in the foster-care movement is an underexplored chapter in the evolution of social services. Future research is still needed and would ideally be achieved through accounts of the boarded-out children to reveal possible stories of neglect and abuse. The NCH recognised foster-care as a replacement for institutional care and a weapon against infant mortality. It reacted specifically to contemporary criticism of other foster-care systems, creating a novel model which saw thorough follow-up of each child by a team of nurses conducting inspections and examinations regularly." @default.
• W3204286228 created "2021-10-11" @default.
• W3204286228 creator A5056436679 @default.
• W3204286228 date "2021-09-30" @default.
• W3204286228 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W3204286228 title "954 Foster care at the nursery and child’s hospital 1869–1934" @default.
• W3204286228 doi "https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2021-rcpch.303" @default.
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