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- W3204359056 abstract "This chapter examines the theory and methods that allow systematists to recognize characters, character states, and the taxa they delimit. In systematics, similarity is a relative relation that exists among at least three things. For a given attribute, two things are more similar to one another than either of them is to a third thing, and when multiple attributes are assessed together, the nested degrees of similarity across the range of attributes provide evidence for hypothesizing phylogenetic relationships. Yet things can be similar in one aspect but not similar in other aspects. Once recognized and characterized in words, a theory of similarity of a feature shared among taxa may be tested in three (often interconnected) ways: (1) conjunction, (2) similarity of structure, and (3) similarity of position. Although the distinction between characters and states may be semantic, treatment of features as alternate states of the same character versus different characters is necessary for the construction of data matrices. How this is done can have important implications for character weights, and potentially the outcome of analyses." @default.
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- W3204359056 date "2021-03-15" @default.
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- W3204359056 title "Characters and Character States" @default.
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- W3204359056 doi "https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501752773.003.0003" @default.
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