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• W3204707525 endingPage "11563" @default.
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• W3204707525 abstract "The one-step sputtering process by using a quaternary Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) target has been demonstrated to be a simple route to form an absorber without post-selenization. To achieve a higher efficiency, sulfurization is known as a promising method to modify the front interface, which has been carried out by using H2S to obtain a Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGSSe) layer. To relieve the environmental concerns, we propose an alternative approach to perform surface sulfurization of CIGSe absorbers without H2S. We cosputter a CIGSe target with an In2S3 target at the final stage of the absorber deposition in the one-step sputtering process and demonstrate the surface sulfurization, that is, a thin CIGSSe layer is formed on the CIGSe absorber, resulting in an enlarged surface band gap and increased open-circuit voltage. With the optimized surface sulfurization, the surface Se vacancies (VSe), a donor state commonly existing in the one-step sputtered CIGSe films, can be effectively passivated. In addition, the formed thin CIGSSe layer results in a downshift of the valence band; therefore, the recombination at the interface and in the depletion region can be significantly reduced, leading to substantial efficiency enhancement from 11.74% (without In2S3 cosputtering) to 14.10%. Our results reveal that by using cosputtering, one-step sputtering can effectively form a surface sulfurization layer on a CIGSe absorber without any post-treatment of H2Se or H2S, which can be essentially beneficial for environmental considerations." @default.
• W3204707525 created "2021-10-11" @default.
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• W3204707525 date "2021-10-05" @default.
• W3204707525 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W3204707525 title "Surface Sulfurization of Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ Solar Cells by Cosputtering In₂S₃ in the One-Step Sputtering Process" @default.
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• W3204707525 doi "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.1c02299" @default.
• W3204707525 hasPublicationYear "2021" @default.
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