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- W320475658 abstract "When it comes to immigrant integration questions, there is something intuitively appealing about comparing Toronto and Montreal. Both cities have long histories of migrants who either settled in their environs or passed through on their way to somewhere else, as well as a contemporary reputation as places where ethnicity and language seem to organise the geographies of everyday life. Each city certainly does have a significant foreign-born component, Toronto standing out as Canada's premier `city of immigrants' with approximately 1,771,720 individuals or 41.9% of its population born outside of the country (1996). Montreal's immigrant population is relatively smaller at only 586,180 individuals or 17.8% of the metropolitan population, although compared to other North American cities the foreign-born population is still quite significant.(1) Furthermore, both Toronto and Montreal host a web of communities defined by culture, language and ethnicity (Lemon 1996; Germain 1995, 1999; McNicoll 1994; Olson and Kobayashi 1993); each one communicating its presence in both direct and subtle ways. But are these two cities truly comparable as settlement environments? Do immigrants construct and use space in the same way in each place? What is the nature of potential interaction between immigrant groups and the Canadian-born or `host' community in residential space? How `concentrated' or `segregated' are immigrants in urban Canada? Is segregation, as formulated in American and European studies of racialised populations, a meaningful construct for interpreting immigrant life in Canadian cities? This paper focuses solely on the residential geographies of immigrants in Toronto and Montreal, with the primary objective being to compare and contrast the relative concentration of visible minority immigrant groups.(2) There are of course several potential `integrative' environments in cities, the workplace and public spaces such as parks, recreation centres and retail malls being some of the more obvious (Germain 1999; Olson 1991; Labelle et al 1984, 1987), but place of residence will be emphasized here primarily because of its social significance beyond being simply a place to live. To choose a neighbourhood and a house is to make a statement, whether intended or not, about an economic position, as well as to affirm a social and/or cultural identity (Cooper Marcus 1995; Adams 1984). Given the societal importance attached to housing and neighbourhoods, the question of where immigrants live, and the potential interactions they have with neighbours, provides a window of opportunity to examine somewhat larger questions of social, cultural and economic integration. Furthermore, the diversity of settlement patterns and different degrees of concentration among immigrants in different cities may well contribute considerable insight into each city as a lived environment for many social groups regardless of their place of birth. Montreal and Toronto do share in common a socially and culturally diverse immigrant population, and the suburbs and inner city of each have undergone significant changes in the post-war decades due to population growth, sustained new dwelling construction, and inner-city redevelopment, renovation and gentrification (Rose 1996; Bourne 1996, 1993; Ley 1991). Notwithstanding these commonalities, as well as similar economic histories, there is much that distinguishes Toronto and Montreal as urban places and settlement locales. Montreal stands out as a city with a very low rate of home ownership and a distinctive culture of property based on a large number of small-scale landlords, and a large and varied stock of low-rise rental housing units (`plexes' of various configurations and low-rise garden-style apartments) (Choko and Harris 1989, 1990; Soloman and Vandell 1982). In contrast, Toronto has a much higher rate of home ownership, a more diversified dwelling stock overall, and a significant number of private and public high-rise apartment buildings constructed from the 1950s onward and scattered across both the inner city and suburbs (Ray 1998; Murdie 1994; Clayton Research Associates 1984; Bourne 1968). …" @default.
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- W320475658 date "1999-03-22" @default.
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- W320475658 title "Plural Geographies in Canadian Cities: Interpreting Immigrant Residential Spaces in Toronto and Montreal" @default.
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