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• W3205453452 abstract "When the air of warm summer nights is buzzing and whirring with the songs of male bushcrickets (also known as katydids), our ears perform a series of tasks enabling us to perceive these acoustic communication signals. Airborne sound waves travel through the ear canal of the outer ear and impinge on the tympanic membrane, causing mechanical vibrations. These are transformed via the three ossicles in the middle ear into fluid vibrations of the inner ear cochlea, which in turn, activate sensory receptor cells, thereby transforming the mechanical energy into electrical signals (1). In our ears, this transduction process involves an ∼25-mm-long ear canal, a tympanic membrane 8 to 10 mm in diameter, and ∼3,500 inner hair cells distributed along the 35-mm-long basilar membrane (2). Female bushcrickets, the males’ intended audience, have to perform essentially the same feat but with miniature hearing organs located not on the head but on the upper tibia of the forelegs. These ears are typically only around 1 to 2 mm in size and contain rarely more than 100 neurons (3). Nevertheless, these tiny insect ears share a surprising amount of structural and functional similarities with our ears, some of which Vavakou et al. (4) uncover. Each bushcricket ear consists of two ear drums—the anterior tympanic membrane (ATym) and the posterior tympanic membrane (PTym)—located on opposite sides of the leg. Both tympana are backed internally by two branches of an air-filled tube connecting the ear to a large spiracular opening at the thorax. This acoustic trachea fulfils the role of an (outer ear) ear canal, with sound traveling from the acoustic spiracle to the back of the tympana (Fig. 1) (5). Because sound waves are both amplified and slowed down while traversing the ear canal, the internal tracheal input provides more sound pressure to the (middle … [↵][1]1Email: thorin.jonsson{at}uni-graz.at. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1" @default.
• W3205453452 created "2021-10-25" @default.
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• W3205453452 date "2021-10-19" @default.
• W3205453452 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W3205453452 title "Auditory tuning in the bushcricket miniature hearing organ" @default.
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• W3205453452 doi "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2115779118" @default.
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