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• W3206578834 abstract "Abstract Background: Chemical fertilizer is an indispensable component for optimal crop production in agriculture. However, excess urea fertilizer application to the agricultural fields leaves severe environmental deterioration. Researchers are actively seeking safer alternatives or solutions for the implementation of sustainable agriculture practices without compromising the agricultural output. Nano-scale particles, due to their unique properties, are emerging as interesting candidates for agrochemicals, especially nutrient delivery applications. In the present study, three variants hydroxyapatite-urea, magnesium-doped hydroxyapatite-urea, and zinc-doped hydroxyapatite-urea nanohybrids have been synthesized and characterized as slow nitrogen release fertilizers for the wheat crop. Results: The doping of hydroxyapatite with zinc and magnesium instigated structural distortion that assisted relatively higher nitrogen loading and optimal urea release patterns. The nitrogen molecules slowly release from the water incubated nanohybrids, as per the Hixson-Crowell model equation, for up to two weeks in the soil environment. With zinc and magnesium integrated into hydroxyapatite, the synthesized nanohybrids now serve as a multi-nutrient complex of nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and zinc nutrients. Additionally, iron uptake was increased in nanohybrids treated wheat crop. The results manifest the potency of the 50% nitrogen doses as nanohybrids that maintain the wheat crop yield and nutrient uptake equivalent to the 100% nitrogen doses as urea fertilizer. Higher nitrogen doses as nanohybrids significantly enhanced the wheat growth parameters. The zinc-doped hydroxyapatite-urea nanohybrids performed better among all three variants. Conclusion: The research epitomized the delivery of multiple nutrients to the crops while mitigating ammonia emissions from agricultural fields. The doped and undoped hydroxyapatite-urea nanohybrids can be a revolutionary tool to alleviate the pollution and waste generation arising from agriculture. We present a comprehensive experimental evidence of the design and utilization of biocompatible nitrogen nanohybrids as fertilizer for agricultural production and biofortification while cutting off nitrogen input up to half to mitigate environmental repercussions. This study establishes extensive experimental evidence for manipulating nano-scale materials for nutrient delivery applications to crops and unlocks new paradigms for the design and application of climate-friendly smart fertilizers for sustainable agriculture." @default.
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• W3206578834 date "2021-10-01" @default.
• W3206578834 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W3206578834 title "Slow-Nitrogen Releasing Urea-Coated Zinc and Magnesium Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanohybrids for the Wheat Crop Biofortification" @default.
• W3206578834 doi "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-944725/v1" @default.
• W3206578834 hasPublicationYear "2021" @default.
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