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• W3207440401 abstract "During part II of this research program combustible sludge from the pulp and paper industry has been studied in detail. 560,000 tonnes of sludge per year (calculated as dry sludge) are produced in Sweden. The energy potential in the produced sludge is about 2 TWh/year. Today 1 TWh/year is produced in the pulp and paper mill's own boilers. This means that additional energy can be utilized from this material. An objective of this program has been to decide whether or not there are sludge types which are favourable respectively difficult to combust. By mixing different sludge types, or other waste products, emissions and/or problems during combustion can be minimized. These possibilities have been studied thoroughly in this program. A lot of sludge samples have been studied in laboratory scale at SP and in full-scale at Chalmers 12 MW CFB boiler. As a complement to the practical tests S.E.P. has done research regarding different aspects of sludge as a fuel; for example handling of sludge and regional drying. The results of 40 sintering tests at SP showed that the sintering temperature during combustion of sludge in a fluidised bed, with silica sand as bed material, varied between 1100 deg C. The evaluation showed that the alkali content in the ash had the largest influence on the sintering temperature. Other factors were less important. During the tests at Chalmers eleven different sludge samples have been combusted together with wood pellets. Initially there were problems with the feeding to the boiler for some of the sludge samples. When the fuel feeding problems were solved the combustion took place without any problems. When sludge is co-combusted together with a 'clean' base fuel such as wood pellets the sulphur-, nitrogen- and chloride contents in the sludge have a large impact on the emissions. The normal way to reduce sulphur dioxide but also hydrogen chloride is to add lime in different positions into and after the boiler. In the pulp and paper industry there are waste products with high calcium content that could be used for the same purpose. During the tests at Chalmers four different waste products were tested and compared with limestone and slaked lime. All the tested waste products had a reducing effect on the emission of sulphur dioxide. Deinking sludge had the most reducing effect on the emission of SO{sub 2}. The deinking sludge even had a better effect than limestone added to the bed. Dust from an electric precipitator situated after the lime kiln had the best reducing effect (about 40 %) on the emission of hydrogen chloride of the tested waste products. Thus slaked lime was the most effective for the reduction of hydrogen chloride with a reduction of 90%." @default.
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• W3207440401 date "2003-11-01" @default.
• W3207440401 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W3207440401 title "Sludge in the pulp and paper industry in Sweden, part II[Combustion of]; Slam fraan skogsindustrin, fas II" @default.
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