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- W3208178172 abstract "This study is an attempt to understand the onset and the evolution of canonical (typical length ~ 18–24 months; CE) and protracted El Niño (> greater than 3 years; PE) compared to the normal state (NS) in an ocean model. Indo-Pacific warm pool indicates higher sea surface temperature (SST) before the onset of strong CE compared to the NS and PE. The ocean model (MOM5.1.0) used in the study shows a systematic SST bias in the Indo-Pacific Ocean with warmer (cooler) temperatures in the western (eastern) Pacific during NS, CE, and PE exhibiting La Niña–like conditions. The model also exhibits deeper thermocline depth in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean during PE and CE than NS, indicating higher heat content values. Despite higher heat content in the western Pacific before the onset of El Niño, the difference in the variability of surface wind forcing during the preceding months determines the type of El Niño. The difference in surface wind forcing among the NS, PE, and CE states without altering the ocean state can modify the subsurface propagation in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. A change in longitudinal extent of upwelling Kelvin waves from western Pacific towards eastern Pacific along with the change in surface wind forcing decides the fate of El Niño. Based on the results of model experiments for 1948–2009, observed features of the recent protracted El Niño of 2014–2016 appear to be a blend of PE and CE in terms of ocean dynamics and surface wind forcing." @default.
- W3208178172 created "2021-11-08" @default.
- W3208178172 creator A5077815611 @default.
- W3208178172 date "2021-10-25" @default.
- W3208178172 modified "2023-10-11" @default.
- W3208178172 title "The effect of the variability of wind forcing on ENSO simulation in an OGCM: case of canonical and protracted event" @default.
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- W3208178172 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-021-03816-5" @default.
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