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- W3208791879 abstract "Over the last 200 years, human activities have released more than 500 billion metric tonnes of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, of which 27 per cent have been absorbed by the ocean, promoting a cascade of chemical changes known as ocean acidification. These changes are occurring at an unprecedented rate in the last millions of years, and projections indicate that by 2060, seawater acidity could have increased by 120 per cent representing a major threat for the structure and function of marine ecosystems. When facing ocean acidification challenges, it can be expected that there will be both species winners and losers. Those producing shell skeletons, such as corals and molluscs, are some of the most vulnerable groups. Unless they can tolerate these changes or quickly adapt, they will decline and may in time become extinct. The impacts of ocean acidification on molluscs, for example, are not limited to biological traits. Human consumer preferences and market attributes will also be challenged, expanding the impact to socio-ecological systems such as aquaculture and fisheries, which presents major implications for seafood production. Ocean acidification must therefore be recognized as a global challenge that adds extra weight to calls for urgent action to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. In addition, we need to protect, conserve, and enhance both terrestrial and marine natural carbon sinks. Global action on emission reductions must also be coordinated with regional and local measures because of the interaction of ocean acidification with other environmental stressors (e.g., warming, hypoxia, overfishing and pollution). Global and regional scientific collaboration through monitoring and experimentation are essential for improving our knowledge about the impacts of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems. Extensive communication about these findings will be also critical in supporting the development of improved policies and decision-making aimed at establishing adaptation strategies to improve the health of the ocean and marine ecosystems." @default.
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- W3208791879 date "2021-10-19" @default.
- W3208791879 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W3208791879 title "Ocean acidification: scientific understanding and challenges" @default.
- W3208791879 doi "https://doi.org/10.4337/9781789900149.00009" @default.
- W3208791879 hasPublicationYear "2021" @default.
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