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- W3210582916 abstract "Anuran amphibians have distinct defence mechanisms against predators, including behavioural strategies (e.g. thanatosis), and chemical defence mechanisms (e.g. toxin secretion) (Wells, 2007; Barbosa et al., 2009). Among the anurans that present chemical defence mechanisms, the genus Rhinella Fitzinger, 1826 is the most notable one. This is because of the parotoid glands it presents (Toledo et al., 2007).Parotoid glands produce toxins such as alkaloids (i.e. bufotenin) and peptides (i.e. aurein) that are used as defence mechanisms against both microorganisms and predators (Tempone et al., 2008; Jared et al., 2009). Reports that indicate that some predators may avoid the contact and the intake of the anterior portion of the animal due to the presence of the parotoid glands, consuming solely a portion of the prey’s body (e.g. hindlegs and abdomen) (Toledo et al., 2007). However, for some predators such defence mechanism seems to be inefficient. The predation of Bufonids is known to the trophic ecology of both vertebrates and even invertebrates (Toledo et al., 2007; Oliveira et al., 2017).The predation of Rhinella ornata (Spix, 1924) is known for spiders (Almeida et al., 2010), crustaceans (Banci et al., 2013), and anurans (Toledo et al., 2007). In addition, a predation attempt – that is, the interruption of a predation event followed by the regurgitation of the prey – is also registered for R. ornata. This attempt was however attributed to the capture and handling of the predator, a Leptodactylus latrans (Steffen, 1815) and, thus, was not considered a natural regurgitation (Bovo et al. 2014). Here, we report a predation attempt of R. ornata by L. latrans, naturally interrupted by the behaviour of regurgitation.We registered this event during an active night search (19:20 h) in June 15th, 2014 in the Parque Estadual Serra do Mar, municipality of Sao Paulo, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil (-23.9500oS, -46.6441oW). We observed the individual of L. latrans predating an individual of R. ornata (Fig. 1A) in a permanent pond. Two minutes after this observation and without any interaction or handling by the observers, the predator, L. latrans, entirely regurgitated the prey that was dead, likely due to asphyxia (Fig. 1B). After this moment L. latrans entered the forest.Before the present record, the predation attempt of R. ornata by L. latrans was attributed to the sampling and handling of the individual. In addition, in the before mentioned report by Bovo et al. (2014), the regurgitation occurred only after the animal was conditioned in the transport plastic bag. Thus, this is the first reported event of a natural predation attempt of R. ornata by L. latrans. It is likely that the behaviour described here was due to the action of the chemical defence of R. ornata’s parotoid glands. This is because the toxicity of the parotoid glands allows to the predator to opt not to swallow its prey after the detection of the toxins (Sazima, 1974). Our record contributes to the understanding on the natural history of both species, and also to the understanding of predator-prey agonistic interactions." @default.
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- W3210582916 date "2020-01-23" @default.
- W3210582916 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W3210582916 title "Predation attempt of Rhinella ornata by Leptodactylus latrans (Amphibia: Anura) in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil" @default.
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