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- W3210856163 abstract "• We ask whether listeners initially make the best predictions they can. • In three experiments, participants predicted semantic associates of the verb. • Participants later adopted the perspective that was compatible with the agent. • They did not adopt their own perspective (when incompatible with the agent’s). • These results are consistent with a two-stage account of prediction. Comprehenders often predict what they are going to hear. But do they make the best predictions possible? We addressed this question in three visual-world eye-tracking experiments by asking when comprehenders consider perspective. Male and female participants listened to male and female speakers producing sentences (e.g., I would like to wear the nice… ) about stereotypically masculine (target: tie; distractor: drill) and feminine (target: dress, distractor: hairdryer) objects. In all three experiments, participants rapidly predicted semantic associates of the verb. But participants also predicted consistently – that is, consistent with their beliefs about what the speaker would ultimately say. They predicted consistently from the speaker’s perspective in Experiment 1, their own perspective in Experiment 2, and the character’s perspective in Experiment 3. This consistent effect occurred later than the associative effect. We conclude that comprehenders consider perspective when predicting, but not from the earliest moments of prediction, consistent with a two-stage account." @default.
- W3210856163 created "2021-11-08" @default.
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- W3210856163 date "2022-02-01" @default.
- W3210856163 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W3210856163 title "Prediction involves two stages: Evidence from visual-world eye-tracking" @default.
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- W3210856163 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2021.104298" @default.
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