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• W3211258765 endingPage "278" @default.
• W3211258765 startingPage "269" @default.
• W3211258765 abstract "Ideally, the benefits of public health interventions should outweigh any associated harms, burdens, and adverse unintended consequences. The intended benefit of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) programs in eastern and southern Africa (ESA) is the reduction of HIV infections. We review the literature for evidence of reductions in HIV incidence, evaluate the extent to which decreases in HIV incidence can be reasonably attributed to VMMC programs, and summarize social harms and ethical concerns associated with these programs. Review findings suggest that HIV incidence had been declining across ESA since before the large-scale rollout of VMMC as a public health intervention, and that this decline may be due to the combined effects of HIV prevention and treatment interventions, such as expanded antiretroviral therapy. The independent effect of VMMC programs in reducing HIV infections at the population level remains unknown. On the other hand, VMMC-associated evidence is increasing for the existence of negative social impacts such as stigmatization and/or discrimination, and ethically problematic practices, including lack of informed consent. We conclude that the relationship between the benefits and burdens of VMMC programs may be more unfavorable than what has been commonly suggested by proponents of global VMMC campaigns." @default.
• W3211258765 created "2021-11-08" @default.
• W3211258765 creator A5036203950 @default.
• W3211258765 creator A5039929228 @default.
• W3211258765 creator A5079764288 @default.
• W3211258765 date "2021-10-26" @default.
• W3211258765 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W3211258765 title "A review of public health, social and ethical implications of voluntary medical male circumcision programs for HIV prevention in sub-Saharan Africa" @default.
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• W3211258765 doi "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41443-021-00484-x" @default.
• W3211258765 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8545773" @default.
• W3211258765 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34702986" @default.

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