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- W3213991330 abstract "Typically, strong gain saturation and gain dynamics play a crucial role in semiconductor laser mode-locking. While there have been several investigations of the ultrafast gain dynamics in vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VECSELs), little is known about the associated refractive index changes. Yet, such refractive index changes do not only have a profound impact on the pulse formation process leading to self-phase modulation, which needs to be compensated by dispersion, but they are also of particular relevance for assessing the feasibility of Kerr-lens mode-locking of VECSELs. Here, we measure both refractive index as well as gain dynamics of a VECSEL chip using the ultrafast beam deflection method. We find that, in contrast to the gain dynamics, the refractive index dynamics is dominated by an instantaneous (∼100 fs) and a very slow component (∼100 ps). The time-resolved measurement of nonlinear refraction allows us to predict a pulse-length dependent, effective nonlinear refractive index n2,eff, which is shown to be negative and on the order of 10−16m2/W for short pulse lengths (∼100 fs). It becomes positive for large excitation fluences and large pulse lengths (few ps). These results agree with some previous reports of self-mode-locked VECSELs for which the cavity design and pulse properties determine sign and strength of the nonlinear refractive index when assuming Kerr-lens mode-locking." @default.
- W3213991330 created "2021-11-22" @default.
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- W3213991330 date "2021-11-08" @default.
- W3213991330 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W3213991330 title "Probing the ultrafast gain and refractive index dynamics of a VECSEL" @default.
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- W3213991330 doi "https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0061346" @default.
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