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• W3215404906 abstract "Background Caudal epidural block (CEB) in hypospadias surgery has the benefit of reducing post-operative pain and possibly intra-operative bleeding. Some studies, however, have suggested that this technique may increase the rate of post-operative complications. Considering the uncertainty about the effect of CEB on surgical complications of hypospadias repair, the current study was performed. Objective The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to compare the complication rates between patients who receive CEB after hypospadias surgery and those who did not. Study design This double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted on boys aged 6–35 months, who underwent hypospadias repair surgery in a university hospital from March 2018 to March 2019. Sixty patients were randomly divided into two groups (group A: 31 and group B: 29). In group B, CEB was performed, using 0.5 mg/kg of 0.125% bupivacaine (Marcaine). Postoperative complications including fistula, meatal stenosis, dehiscence, and occurrence of bleeding were assessed during six months after surgery. Results The patients were assessed for possible complications at 24 h, one week, one, three and six months after surgery. No remarkable differences were observed between the patients in the two groups in terms of the frequency of dehiscence, fistula, and meatal stenosis (P > 0.05). Moreover, the difference in complication rates between the patients with proximal and distal hypospadias did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.549). Discussion Assessment of complications showed no significant difference between the two study groups in terms of dehiscence, fistula, and meatal stenosis (Clavien type III). In addition, complication rate was not significantly different according to severity of hypospadias between the two groups. Our study had limitations such as short follow up and small sample size, which resulted in insignificant difference in complication rate between proximal and distal hypospadias. These limitations request large studies with long term follow up. Conclusion SummaryTable. Patients’ outcomes in two groups. Caudal epidural block + general anesthesia (B) General anesthesia (A) P-value N 29 31 NA Complication (no/yes) 22 (75.9)/7 (24.1) 22 (71.0)/9 (29.0) 0.447b Dehiscence (no/yes) 25 (86.2)/4 (13.8) 26 (83.9)/5 (16.1) 0.544b Fistula (no/yes) 28 (96.9)/1 (3.4) 29 (93.5)/2 (6.5) 0.525b Meatal stenosis (no/yes) 27 (93.1)/2 (6.9) 29 (93.5)/2 (6.5) 0.668b Complication needing surgery (no/yes)Clavien type IIIb 24 (82.8)/5 (17.2) 24 (77.4)/7 (22.6) 0.424b b. Fisher's exact test. Open table in a new tab Caudal epidural block (CEB) in hypospadias surgery has the benefit of reducing post-operative pain and possibly intra-operative bleeding. Some studies, however, have suggested that this technique may increase the rate of post-operative complications. Considering the uncertainty about the effect of CEB on surgical complications of hypospadias repair, the current study was performed. The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to compare the complication rates between patients who receive CEB after hypospadias surgery and those who did not. This double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted on boys aged 6–35 months, who underwent hypospadias repair surgery in a university hospital from March 2018 to March 2019. Sixty patients were randomly divided into two groups (group A: 31 and group B: 29). In group B, CEB was performed, using 0.5 mg/kg of 0.125% bupivacaine (Marcaine). Postoperative complications including fistula, meatal stenosis, dehiscence, and occurrence of bleeding were assessed during six months after surgery. The patients were assessed for possible complications at 24 h, one week, one, three and six months after surgery. No remarkable differences were observed between the patients in the two groups in terms of the frequency of dehiscence, fistula, and meatal stenosis (P > 0.05). Moreover, the difference in complication rates between the patients with proximal and distal hypospadias did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.549). Assessment of complications showed no significant difference between the two study groups in terms of dehiscence, fistula, and meatal stenosis (Clavien type III). In addition, complication rate was not significantly different according to severity of hypospadias between the two groups. Our study had limitations such as short follow up and small sample size, which resulted in insignificant difference in complication rate between proximal and distal hypospadias. These limitations request large studies with long term follow up. b. Fisher's exact test. Pendulum swings again in favour of caudal block for hypospadiasJournal of Pediatric UrologyPreviewWe read with interest Alizadeh’s recent RCT [1] which showed that there was no increase in hypospadias complications with usage of caudal epidural block (CEB). Interestingly there are already four meta-analyses published on this subject. Goel et al[2] in their 2019 meta-analysis reported that in patients undergoing hypospadias repair administration of CEB was associated with a higher risk of fistula formation and other urethroplasty-related complications (RR 2.01). Full-Text PDF" @default.
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• W3215404906 title "The effect of caudal epidural block on the surgical complications of hypospadias repair in children aged 6 to 35 months: A randomized controlled trial" @default.
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• W3215404906 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2021.11.009" @default.
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