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- W3215724670 abstract "Statins represent the most prescribed class of drugs for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Effects that go beyond lipid-lowering actions have been suggested to contribute to their beneficial pharmacological properties. Whether and how statins act on macrophages has been a matter of debate. In the present study, we aimed at characterizing the impact of statins on macrophage polarization and comparing these to the effects of bempedoic acid, a recently registered drug for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, which has been suggested to have a similar beneficial profile but fewer side effects. Treatment of primary murine macrophages with two different statins, i.e., simvastatin and cerivastatin, impaired phagocytotic activity and, concurrently, enhanced pro-inflammatory responses upon short-term lipopolysaccharide challenge, as characterized by an induction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL) 1β, and IL6. In contrast, no differences were observed under long-term inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) conditions, and neither inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression nor nitric oxide production was altered. Statin treatment led to extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) activation, and the pro-inflammatory statin effects were abolished by ERK inhibition. Bempedoic acid only had a negligible impact on macrophage responses when compared with statins. Taken together, our data point toward an immunomodulatory effect of statins on macrophage polarization, which is absent upon bempedoic acid treatment." @default.
- W3215724670 created "2021-12-06" @default.
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- W3215724670 date "2021-11-19" @default.
- W3215724670 modified "2023-10-13" @default.
- W3215724670 title "Statins and Bempedoic Acid: Different Actions of Cholesterol Inhibitors on Macrophage Activation" @default.
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- W3215724670 doi "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212480" @default.
- W3215724670 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8623589" @default.
- W3215724670 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34830364" @default.
- W3215724670 hasPublicationYear "2021" @default.
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