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- W3215766314 abstract "Aim: This chapter introduces the standard DPSIR model for managing impact and how the measurement of an impact requires a reference condition, or baseline, with which to compare its current state. Establishing the baseline is essential for measuring the current state of the ecosystem. The reference state provides a form of anchoring against which the health of an ecosystem is estimated, for setting targets of what might be the limits of acceptable change, or to guide ambitions for restoration. Main concepts covered: The DPSIR model of environmental management and importance of a reference state; defining and distinguishing concepts of reference state; methods for deciding a reference state, and uncertainties of that; the use of reference state in policy and management; shifting perceptions of reference state; and implications of reference state for management. Main methods covered: Historical records for Reference description, including those from the landscape and sediment of lakes; Different approaches to the estimation of baselines and reference state; Judgment of experts and shifting baselines; and baseline from first monitoring and associated risks. Conclusion/Synthesis: An assessment of anthropogenic impact of a waterbody requires an estimate of a reference value under no or minimal impact. This allows judgement of the extent of impact, but can be practically difficult to do. It is, therefore, important to clearly define and describe whatever methods are used to assess the baseline condition." @default.
- W3215766314 created "2021-12-06" @default.
- W3215766314 creator A5085761814 @default.
- W3215766314 date "2022-01-01" @default.
- W3215766314 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W3215766314 title "Measuring Impact, Overview and Reference Conditions" @default.
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- W3215766314 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-819166-8.00073-6" @default.
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