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- W3216196571 abstract "Both spontaneous and perpetrated biothreats include a spatiotemporal and functional step that regards the introduction of the bioagent into the host to initiate disease. This compound step may be of mechanical or biological implementation or a combination of both, with different attributes making up each term of the combination. The different technological solutions used in bio-offense for such purpose depend on the intended distance, timing, and extent of the effect, leading to standoff/by/in scenarios, and also on environmental conditions, which dictate on- or off-target options and point/focal, linear, and two-dimensional (2D)/or even three-dimensional (3D) release patterns. The use of military equipment such as artillery shells and rockets and air-dropped ordnance, of crude or elaborate design, or of more civil-minded instruments such as sprayers, painting/pasting, and pneumatic devices provides selectable operational parameters and allows criminal, terrorist, or official, warfare-endorsed practices. Even more flexible and definitely subtler is the delivery through biological approaches, including offensive vaccination and genetic modification to vector, intermediate, or target populations/species so as to deliver bioregulators and, more importantly, biotoxins, recombined or not so as to combine optimal efficiency with low probability of detection. The ultimate step would be nanotechnology-grade infective means, which would be imperceptible and apply with precision minimal doses of toxic or even septic agents in both individual and massive applications." @default.
- W3216196571 created "2021-12-06" @default.
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- W3216196571 date "2022-01-01" @default.
- W3216196571 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W3216196571 title "Bio-offense: Technical means, tactical approaches, operational orientations, and strategic concepts" @default.
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- W3216196571 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-85236-4.00003-0" @default.
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