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- W3216251216 abstract "With increasing demands for zero-emission power sources, fuel cells (FCs) have emerged as the viable and much needed alternative source of electrical energy. Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy. They possess unique advantages of high efficiency, zero noise pollution and low emissions. Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are a popular choice due to their quick start-up, high-power density and low weight/cost/volume, making them suitable for portable applications, being endowed with the ability to work in any orientation. Many research groups are focusing on improving PEMFCs via refining their active components in order to obtain long-term performance with high efficiency. In transportation applications, manufacturers such as Ballard and Hydrogenics are already producing FC buses, and manufacturers like Hyundai and Toyota have begun to commercialize fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). While fuel cells are becoming competitive in several markets, their commercialization can be enhanced by addressing attendant durability, performance and cost issues. These challenges include cyclic operation that can lead to material degradation owing to significant fluctuations in temperature, potential and relative humidity. Membrane hydration along with the presence of water in both liquid and vapor states within the cells also imposes complications during fuel cell operation. The main focus of the chapter is to highlight the economic, business and other technical hindrances to the commercialization of this technology." @default.
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- W3216251216 date "2022-01-01" @default.
- W3216251216 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W3216251216 title "Economic, business, technical, and commercialization hindrances for the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell" @default.
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- W3216251216 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-823708-3.00002-x" @default.
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