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• W323438530 abstract "The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of an Illinois mandate on publicly supported universities forming and promoting community service corps. Interviews were conducted with personnel at all 10 four-year public universities in Illinois. Data were gathered about the history of the programs; definitions; roles of students, faculty, student organizations and other administrators; funding; personnel; evaluation; and future of the programs. More than a decade ago, Boyer (1987) documented the pressure that higher education was under to reorganize efforts of providing community service. In the last several years, a surge of interest in community and public service has also been recognized (Kendall & Associates, 1990). Currently, service-learning in the disciplines-having students perform community service as part of their coursework-is a priority for the American Association for Higher Education (AAHE), and the association is sponsoring an 18-volume monograph series in 1997-1998 (Marchese, 1997). The first published volumes include discipline-- specific models for faculty utilization in accounting, composition, nursing, political science, psychology, and teacher education. Governmental attempts have also been made to enhance public service. The Clinton administration began the Corporation for National Service (1995) to activate programs in which all Americans would be encouraged to participate in community service. One program, the AmeriCorps, was surrounded by controversy as a result of the plan to engage college and university students in paid positions, which would assist in four areas of community development-- education, public safety, human needs, and environment-while still providing educational financial assistance (Corporation for National Service, 1995). Community service programs have numerous missions and can be organized into the following categories: (a) helping others; (b) changing society or laws related to political issues; (c) promoting personal enjoyment; (d) gaining experience for employment; and (e) raising money for a cause (Smith, 1974). The motivations of students who participate in such programs are also varied; the reasons might be self-serving (i.e., resume, credit, recognition) or students might gain unexpected outcomes (i.e., civic responsibility, understanding of others, reflective communication abilities). Few research studies have been conducted about community service programs in colleges and universities. According to Cha, Rothman, and Smith (1994), these programs are formed to foster student experiences and community resources at minimum cost. Because programs are underfunded, few resources are available for examining their outcomes. Several studies have been conducted because a sponsoring foundation attempted to enhance community resources for a particular cause, such as the elderly (Firman, 1982; Firman, Gelfand, & Ventura, 1983). The research in which community services were combined with curricula showed the most positive effects (Bringle & Kremer, 1993; Cohen & Kinsey, 1994). Students who had an ongoing community service experience combined with education and reflection were more motivated and understanding of course material (Firman et al., 1983). In one study, demographics were found to be contributing factors to volunteering-gender (i.e., women are more likely to participate than men), religion (i.e., Protestants are more likely to volunteer than Roman Catholics and others), and race (i.e., Caucasians are more likely to participate than others)(Marcellas, 1977). Sax and Astin (1997), in their nationwide study of 100 service-learning programs at colleges and universities, concluded that civic responsibility, academic attainment, and life skills are favorably influenced by service participation (p. 27). Program activities included tutoring; working with the homeless, poor, and elderly; improving neighborhood environments; preventing crime; and improving community health (p. …" @default.
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• W323438530 title "Student Community Service Programs in Illinois Public Universities." @default.
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