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• W323738051 abstract "Introduction Because of the uniqueness of individuals with disabilities, obtaining computer programs that help these individuals is difficult, expensive, or impossible. Some situations require software that may not already exist, or if it exists, then it must work with input methods that individuals with disabilities can take advantage of. Assistive input devices already exist and are easily interfaced with computers. Hypermedia programs can put the power of computer programming in the hands of those who can not program, but more importantly, those who need to tailor software for specific individuals with specific needs. Hypermedia files (stacks) can be used to communicate, instruct, or automate other computer tasks to improve access or productivity (Perkins, 1993, 1991). All that is needed is imagination and some computer skills. The stacks created during this project were as a result of the needs of classroom teachers and caregivers based on their experiences with individuals with disabilities. HyperCard, a hypermedia program for the Macintosh was used along with the TouchWindow from Edmark, Ke:nx from Don Johnston, the Unicorn Board from Unicorn Engineering, switches, and Vocalize XCMD v1.0.2 (see Appendix). The stacks dealt with communications, cause and effect, eye-hand coordination, finger tracing, scanning, and program launching. Review of Literature Hypermedia Hypermedia programs have gained in popularity since the original release of HyperCard with the Macintosh computer. HyperCard was originally created to be a database program, but has been adopted as a program able to create computer software. Software created by hypermedia programs have been used as tutorials for other software applications, to create interactive videodisc lessons, and even as data base managers. There are currently many different hypermedia programs available, however, each works only on a specific brand of computer (Erickson & Vonk, 1994; Lockard, Abrams & Many, 1994). HyperCard , SuperCard and HyperStudio were created for the Macintosh, LinkWay and Multimedia ToolBook were created for IBM compatibles, HyperScreen and Tutor Tech were created for the Apple II series (IIe, IIc, IIgs), and HyperStudio is available for the Apple IIgs. Each of these programs has its own unique features, but the basic concept of stacks with cards is generally the same for all of them. Files in hypermedia programs are called stacks or books. Each new computer screen is a card or page that has primarily the three following features: text, graphics, and buttons. Text and graphics provide instruction and information, and areas of the screen sensitive to mouse presses called buttons provide computer response to user input. For the user, pressing a button within a stack can make things happen. The stack may branch to another card and present new text or graphics, it might react to a choice made by the user, or other events may take place such as replaying digitized or synthesized sound or by showing videodisc sequences (Van Horn, 1991). Teachers, caregivers and parents, even if they do not know how to program a computer, can use hypermedia programs as authoring languages (Male, 1994; Weibe, 1993). Authoring languages are intended to allow non programmers the capability to create computer programs without learning cumbersome computer languages (Erickson & Vonk, 1994; Weibe). By using hypermedia programs, many teachers and parents can create much of the software needed to teach specific objectives or accomplish tasks when that software does not already exist (Esposito & Campbell, 1993). The amount of software available to be used by individuals with disabilities who have specific needs is very limited (Taber-Brown, 1993). Software created using hypermedia can help to fill this gap. Uses for hypermedia by the disabled vary with the individual. Some of the ways hypermedia programs may be used are: (a). …" @default.
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• W323738051 title "Integrating Hypermedia and Assistive Technology: An Overview of Possibilities" @default.
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