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• W323819076 abstract "The high oil dependence and the continuous growth of energy use in the transport sector have in recent years triggered interest in transport biofuels as a measure to mitigate climate change andimprove energy security. This work aims to examine techno-economic interactions linked totransport biofuel strategies in national and regional energy systems and their implications for thecost-effective realisation of energy policy objectives. The work applies an explorative,quantitative modelling approach, in which applications of the optimising energy system modelMARKAL are developed and utilised. The thesis is based on four papers. Paper I and Paper IIapply a regional perspective with the Vastra Gotaland region of Sweden as the geographicalfocus. Paper I studies system aspects of biomass gasification technologies, and Paper II examinesthe prospects for biogas from anaerobic digestion and the implications of different strategies forgas distribution. Paper III and Paper IV model the Swedish road transport sector as an integratedpart of the national energy system. Paper III assesses the impact of transport fuel tax designs onthe competitiveness of different fuel and technology options, and Paper IV investigates potentialtransport fuel pathways for oil reduction in the passenger car fleet. Both at the regional and national scale, the results show that limitations in low-cost biomasssupply induce a trade-off between biomass use in the transport sector and biomass use in thestationary energy system. The latter option is often a more energy-efficient way of reducing CO2emissions. However, which is the more cost-effective measure depends on energy marketconditions in general and the oil price in particular. Higher energy service demands and morestringent climate targets increase the incentives for energy-efficient resource utilisation. Suchdevelopment pushes biomass use towards stationary applications (heat and power) and increasesthe competitiveness of energy-efficient vehicle technologies such as hybrids and electric vehicles.However, in the medium term, transport fuel pathways based on biomass gasification show largepotential of being a cost-effective option for lowered oil dependence. From a techno-economic perspective, biogas from anaerobic digestion is generally better used astransport fuel than for heat and power generation. Due to limitations in local vehicle gas markets,enhanced conditions for biogas distribution imply a somewhat higher cost-effective total biogasutilisation but, in particular, a shift from biogas use in heat and power generation to biogas use inthe transport sector. An expansion of the natural gas grid implies possibilities of higher cost-effectivebiogas utilisation levels due to increased opportunities for low-cost biogas distribution tolarge potential markets. However, from a bioenergy perspective, a grid expansion also involvesrisks due to increased competition from natural gas. Transport fuel taxation provides important incentives for acceleration of the competitiveness ofenergy-efficient vehicle technologies such as hybrids and electric vehicles. Tax exemptionsincrease the attractiveness of biofuels from a vehicle user perspective, but can lead to increasedCO2 emissions in the stationary energy system. As a consequence, the CO2 abatement costsassociated with biofuel tax exemption policies can be high; however, cost reductions are possiblethrough concurrent schemes for vehicle energy efficiency. For a given CO2 reduction, the resultsindicate (for a range of scenarios) that the incremental energy and technology costs of a completeoil phase-out in the Swedish passenger car fleet are lower than about one-fourth of the currentgovernmental transport fuel tax revenues." @default.
• W323819076 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W323819076 date "2011-01-01" @default.
• W323819076 modified "2023-09-22" @default.
• W323819076 title "Techno-Economic Perspectives on Biofuel Futures – Modelling Transport Sector Strategies in an Energy System Context" @default.
• W323819076 hasPublicationYear "2011" @default.
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