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• W324069847 abstract "The role of the Romanies. Images and counter-images of 'Gypsies'/Romanies in European cultures. Edited by Nicholas Saul and Susan Tebbull. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. 2004. xi + 258 pp. ISBN 0-85323-679-8 (Ub.) Reviewed by Peter Widmann With the concept of role, the editors Nicholas Saul and Susan Tebbutt bring a core sociological category to bear in the title and introduction to this conference anthology. From a sociological standpoint, a society may be understood as a mixture of roles with which expectations and presumptions interact. However, neither the editors nor the authors explain this concept further, which poses more questions than are answered; for example 'Do Lurope's Romanies collectively fulfil a particular role?', and 'Do they function in all social situations primarily as Romanies?' The answers to these questions require empirical social-scientific research. In some aspects this anthology reflects the marginal existence which such questions have in Romany Studies. The editors are not primarily to blame for this; rather, this is the fault of disciplines such as Sociology and Political Studies. The number of social scientists who deal with relationships between mainstream societies and Romanies is still small, and their studies are often only loosely connected with the general academic discussion in their fields. Tebbutt's and Saul's anthology offers an opportunity to view Romany Studies from a social science perspective-even if such a viewpoint can only partially do justice to this anthology. A central question of the anthology deals with the way in which researchers construct images of 'Gypsies', looking at both the tradition of Gypsylorism as a precursor of Romany Studies and Social Construction theories of Dutch provenance. The authors also examine literary constructs of the Self and the Other, as well as contribute detailed studies from several areas. The three articles in the first part of the work have as themes the history of British Romany Studies. The journalist and author Anthony Sampson portrays his grandfather John Sampson, the leading British expert on 'Gypsies' in the early twentieth century. In her essay on the Liverpool Collections, Katharine Hooper describes the history of the Lore Society and ils archive as well as the Macfie Collections. Referring Io Foucault's Archaeology of Knowledge, Ken Lee examines how knowledge about Romanies was formed by the activities of the Lore Society. He focuses on two developments which according to his analysis have been excluded from discourse. Lee claims lhal precisely by considering the marginalised insights into the dominant decision-forming processes of society can be gained and writes about the 'Danubian Hypothesis' of Francis Hindes Groomc, who considered it possible that Romanics were held by the Egyptians as prisoners of war in the fourteenth century. Lee's analysis considers that this hypothesis has never been seriously examined. As a further example of the marginalising power of the dominant discourse, Lee cites the conflict between the Lore Society, which began in 1888, and the and Folklore Club, which was founded in 1911. Although the Folklore Club, Lee claims, threatened the monopoly of the Lore Society, the latter excluded all records of this conflict from the official records of their association. Lee asserts that the history of Gypsylorism is thus revealed as the process of a communicative dominance gaining the upper hand. The second part of the anthology looks at researchers as image makers as well. Yaron Matras deals, from a linguistic viewpoint, with deconstructive perspectives that cast doubt on the origins of the Romanies in India, and with the theory that the Romanies are descendents of warriors. Even though Matras does Wim Willems's study 'In Search of the True Gypsy an injustice by reducing it to the conflict surrounding the question of the construction of an Indian origin, his insistence on academic standards is convincing: if language is being used in academic debate, then this should be on the level of current linguistic research. …" @default.
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• W324069847 title "The Role of the Romanies. Images and Counter-Images of 'Gypsies'/Romanies in European Cultures" @default.
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