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• W324352015 abstract "I. AN INTRODUCTORY NOTE Contemporary judicial federalism has passed through several phases, revealing its remarkable pliancy and adaptability. In a few states, developments during the 1970s and the early 1980s centered almost exclusively around a defense of civil rights and civil liberties, in many respects paralleling the course followed at the national level during the preceding Warren Court era.(1) A resort to independent state grounds(2) prepared the way for a stage of state judicial ascendancy--one predicated on achievements beyond the confines of a cautious Burger Court.(3) State judges, in such pioneering states as California, New Jersey, New York, and Oregon, seemed intent upon taking steps to counter the moderate conservatism that the United States Supreme Court had embraced.(4) Increasingly, too, the revival of activism focused upon an expanded egalitarianism as well as upon old-style libertarian values.(5) Initially, state courts were encouraged to turn haltingly inward and eventually they began to espouse a newfound provincialism that insulated their findings from the inquiries of federal judges.(6) The range of activism remained narrow at first, restricted largely to liberal causes and a few selective issues; however, a conscious effort appeared to have been made to stress not only a claimed flexibility but also a willingness to adapt to motifs.(7) Lost in the excitement over the rediscovery of legal doctrines, so ardently depicted and so boldly enlarged, was the tractability that, at least in part, characterized the transitional years. Subsequently, there was cause for concern that rigidity was setting in and that untoward artifices might control and confound the revitalization process.(8) Less attractive in their appeal and even given to what may appear to be a type of ennui in their coverage are cases relating to the traditional functions and goals of state government.(9) A turn to these areas, often neglected and not often linked to the new judicial federalism, may profitably be essayed. It is fatuous to assume that the customary concerns of state government have taken on an unimaginative mien, shorn of vitality and almost torpid in their effects.(10) Indeed, the spirit of the judicial federalism, if not its explicit embodiment, is evident in recent cases, coupled with glimmers of a soundness and depth sometimes missing in the glamorous products of the 1970s and 1980s. If state courts have come to exhibit less of the assertiveness previously found, the opinions in traditional cases have displayed a maturity of purpose and, at times, a more carefully reasoned format than earlier judgments. No longer does the notion persist that activist state courts must premise the crafting of novel precedents on actual or contrived federal-state clashes to ensure the primacy of state charters. Less in evidence is an exaggerated dedication to provincial pride, at times accompanied by an unremitting chauvinism.(11) Nonetheless, state constitutionalism has displayed no signs of a reversion to the passivity of the first half of the twentieth century.(12) Instead, state courts, in their treatment of traditional subjects, have drawn upon an abundance of models and have shown a sense of mutual interdependence and circumspection.(13) Significant parallels abound as a confrontational jurisprudence continues to recede into the outer reaches of what, on occasion, has been an unmistakably adversarial recent past.(14) II. TOWARD A NEWFOUND ACTIVISM: A SELECTIVE REVIEW OF CONVENTIONAL CASES A. The Preamble Imbroglio From beginnings in the Declaration of Independence and early state charters to the Preamble to the United States Constitution,(15) the Founders sought to promote a basic philosophy of government and of living by language included in the several texts.(16) The theory of popular sovereignty was generally recognized, abetted by implementing principles to assure its preservation and advancement. …" @default.
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• W324352015 date "2001-06-22" @default.
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• W324352015 title "Traditional State Interests and Constitutional Norms: Impressive Cases in Conventional Settings" @default.
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