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• W324693732 abstract "Despite all the policy talk about needing to support education reform for the long haul, we seem to be heading for the quickest fix of all - national tests. Impatient with the perceived reluctance of the public to support much higher standards for students, the education policy wonks in the White House and the U.S. Department of Education have decided to give parents and others proof of generally mediocre performance by students. By 1999 they will have test results (in reading at the fourth-grade level and in math at the eighth-grade level) from tests given to all students in states and districts that voluntarily choose to use nationally developed items. Those who brought up the idea are convinced that the standards movement has reached plateau, according to Marshall Smith, acting deputy secretary in the U.S. Department of Education. Smith was major architect of the 1994 Clinton Administration package that tied Goals 2000, changes in Title I and other categorical programs, and the School-to-Work Opportunities Act together under the banner of higher standards and relevant assessments. However, Smith admits that the public needs to focus on a few issues about standards. In other words, the complete Administration package may have been too heavy to carry at one time. Despite participation by all but two states in developing standards, implementing them has proved more difficult. Smith told session at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association (AERA) in Chicago that some states are setting their standards too low. A comparison study by Mark Musick, executive director of the Southern Regional Education Board, found great disparities between the scores of students on new state assessments and the performance of states on tests given by the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). The latter scores were much lower in many states. We know kids can learn at much higher levels if we give them more opportunities to learn, Smith said. So, after considering other options, the Administration decided to back the development of voluntary national testing system. The tests are not important by themselves, Smith told his AERA audience. Their real purpose is to spur change, to mobilize people to get kids to high levels of reading and math. Within weeks of announcing the initiative, the Administration had put the pieces together. Preliminary plans are for 90-minute tests, to consist mostly of multiple-choice items, though about half of the time allotted for test will be devoted to the 20% of items that will require constructed response. Individual student scores will be in the hands of participating states and districts, and the data will not be reported to the federal level. The testing at both grade levels will be linked to the NAEP but will not duplicate it. The math portion will also be linked to the items included in the Third International Mathematics and Science Study in order to get predictions of scores on that multi-nation assessment. Contracts for the development of the tests will be awarded in September, with piloting of test items scheduled for spring of 1998. This is swift work on an idea with enormous ramifications for the values of public education. And the effort is founded on dilemma. Undoubtedly, it would be helpful for parents and the public to have uniform tool to understand academic performance. Reading independently by grade 4 is reasonable goal, and perhaps test can convey what that goal means in concrete terms. Similarly, certain math skills need to be mastered by grade 8 if students are to have all options open to them in high school. In addition, knowing what that mastery means in specific terms can help parents and others understand the necessary standards and put pressure on schools to deliver on them. It appears that the public has wanted measures like these for many years. Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup polls of the public have consistently shown that the general public and parents of schoolchildren support national tests like those used in other countries. …" @default.
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• W324693732 date "1997-05-01" @default.
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• W324693732 title "Of Goals and Tests" @default.
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