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• W325701133 abstract "TUNISIA Stalled Democracy: Capital, Labor, and the Paradox of State-Sponsored Development, by Eva Bellin. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2002. 185 pages. Appends, p. 191. Notes and Bibl. to p. 232. Index to p. 239. $32.50. Eva Bellin's study is timely, now that building democracy in at least one Arab country is on the Bush Administration's agenda. She focuses on Tunisia and tries to explain why, after almost a half century of independence and official promises of eventual democracy, its political regime remains authoritarian, perhaps ever more so under President Zine El Abidine Ben 'AIi (1987-) than under President Habib Bourguiba (1957-1987). The focus on Tunisia is especially illuminating because under Bourguiba, at least, the country seemed to be a showcase in the Arab and African worlds for political pedagogy and democratic development. Professor Bellin's answer is quite simply that neither the private capitalists nor labor, those classic motors of democracy in other parts of the world in earlier times, were ready to push for democracy in Tunisia's context of late state-sponsored development. She is exceptionally well informed to make such judgments. Based on 18 months of intensive field work in the late 1980s, when the regime temporarily opened up and people could talk freely, she intensively interviewed more than 150 business and labor leaders, officials and academics, and she continued to accumulate data and impressions from subsequent visits to Tunisia until the mid 1990s. She systematically assesses the structural, ideological, organizational, financial, and individual lobbying of the major elements of the business community. Structural power refers to the influence that the private sector derives from discretionary investments. A paradox of state sponsored development is that it may, by encouraging private sector investments, foster a capitalist counter-power. But Bellin carefully shows that businesspeople are too busy for politics. They are dependent on state favors and show little interest in democratic experiments that might rock the boat. The Ben 'Ali regime cleverly projected itself as the protector of business against the chaos that an Islamist majority might provoke as in neighboring Algeria. The regime was so solicitous of private sector interests, too, that the pampered entrepreneurs had little appetite for transparency and accountability, and those that were perceived to harbor any independent political ambitions suffered a variety of financial and other consequences (cf. p. 69). So also, Tunisia's labor aristocracy commanded by the Tunisian General Union of Labor (Union Generale Tunisienne du Travail UGTT, although cf. pp. 9, 190, 191, 239 for a mistake many of us have made, including the present reviewer) expanded with state-sponsored industrialization but remained dependent on state favors and concessions. Indeed Bellin possibly exaggerates its autonomy in the early 1970s (p. 87), when Bourguiba used it as a lever against people inside the ruling party who were trying to institutionalize dissent. …" @default.
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• W325701133 date "2003-07-01" @default.
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• W325701133 title "Tunisia: Stalled Democracy: Capital, Labor, and the Paradox of State-Sponsored Development" @default.
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