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• W327287400 abstract "Corporations and activist environmental groups, once seen as implacable foes, are now reaching out more and more to work together as partners in a variety of projects. For the environmental groups, working with corporations offers a ready source of funds and a chance to influence their behavior. For corporations, environmental groups offer the opportunity to obtain positive publicity and gain access to group members, who tend to be better educated and more affluent than the general public. They also provide credibility, which can be particularly valuable when companies take an environmental stand, such as changing product packaging or formulation. In political coalitions, environmental groups can provide substantial clout, with their large memberships and lobbying expertise. Environmental concerns have become increasingly important for U.S. businesses. A September 1990 survey of U.S. industrial corporations by Deloitte Touche and the Stanford University Graduate School of Business found that 45% of those surveyed believed environmental issues were critical and 68% thought these issues would increase in importance in the next five years. As a result, 31% had conducted special promotions or run advertisements with an environmental theme. There are more than 200 organized environmental groups in the United States today with some 10 million members overall (see chart, page 25). They are very diverse in their scope and function, ranging from the very political, like the Sierra Club, known for its activist lobbying, to the more information-oriented groups like the National Wildlife Federation and World Wildlife Fund. Some of them are narrowly focused, such as Rainforest Action Network or Ducks Unlimited, while others cover a variety of issues. All of the 10 largest U.S. groups with the exception of Greenpeace, do cooperate with corporations in some way, be it through sponsorships or by providing technical assistance. Greenpeace, known for guerrilla tactics and big-business bashing, does not accept corporate donations or cooperate in any way with the corporate sector. Levels of cooperation vary There are basically five types of cooperation: unrestricted donations, sponsorships, seeking technical help, joining in a political coalition and workplace fundraising. * Unrestricted donations: An unrestricted donation is for general use of the environmental group, not a specific project. Unlike sponsorships, donations, even large ones, do not result in the use of the group's name or logo. Environmental groups, which depend upon their reputation for independence to attract members and influence legislation, are extremely reluctant to lend out their names. Donations may or may not be publicized. While some groups are happy to issue a news release announcing a donation, many limit their public acknowledgment to a simple listing in their annual reports. The more political groups are very cautious in accepting corporate donations. The Sierra Club and Natural Resources Defense Council screen out oil companies, developers and others they may be fighting in the courts or in Congress. Other groups, however, welcome donations from almost any source. For example, the National Wildlife Federation (NWF) has set up a Corporate Conservation Council for those willing to make donations of $50,000 or more. The council currently includes 20 Fortune 500 companies such as Dow Chemical, DuPont, General Motors, Monsanto, Waste Management and Shell Oil. Because some of NWF'S council members are manufacturers with pollution problems or major generators of solid waste, other environmental groups have criticized the council. But NWF leaders say they believe the council encourages a dialogue, and plan to expand its activities. * Sponsorships: Corporate sponsorships are for specific projects and there is usually a linkage between a product or industry and a cause. …" @default.
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• W327287400 title "Working with Environmental Groups" @default.
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