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• W327701058 abstract "In spite of the great diversity among the world's cultures, every culture reports parapsychological phenomena. Claims of extraordinary events seem to abound in nonindustrial cultures, from levitation, to fire-walking, to psychic surgery, and to dramatic instances of telepathy and clairvoyance. Some of these claims are known to be false but still have meaning for those involved (e.g., Reichbart, 1978). Practitioners who fake magical powers may still even consult each other, as was noted by Rose (1956) for some Australian healers. Other claims have been placed in doubt; for instance, Wiseman and Haraldsson (1995) investigated ostensible macro-PK in India. Although the swami investigated was not caught in trickery, he was able to produce objects only in informal conditions and not under more formal conditions. Lamont (2004), Lamont and Wiseman (2001), and Wiseman and Lamont (1996) noted that tales of the famous Indian Rope trick were themselves made up or greatly exaggerated, a reminder that accounts of special events and abilities do not stand on their own as good evidence for their actual occurrence. However, the question of whether psi phenomena occur extensively or in great strength in other cultures is an important one for a number of reasons. First, we might find alternative conceptualizations of psi by investigating how these events are understood within the specific worldview. Second, we can see which parapsychological claims are cross-cultural. Third, we might learn whether there is consistency among cultures in ways to develop and employ psi; for instance, the placing of a drop of oil on the fingernail of a child in Bali, who then sees an image of a scene where one can, for example, find a lost object, seems to be a special case of scrying (Kelly & Locke, 1981). Fourth, there is the potential for new models of laboratory testing to emerge from the study of psi in more accepting cultures. Fifth, we might be able to develop a better understanding of the role of cultural variables in the production of psi as well as psychological variables. Finally, we might gain insight into the role of ritual practices in the production of psi, especially in ritual-prone cultures. We may find more dramatic and more consistent effects in more supportive cultures and with trained participants who have already been selected for skills and may already have worked through any issues of guilt or fear; and we may be able to foster in other cultures a further development of their own understanding of their traditions and how to investigate them. For an overview of various issues concerning the investigation of psi effects in other cultures, see Angoff and Barth (1974) and Van de Castle (1977). Unfortunately, there have not been very many attempts to elicit psi in non-industrialized cultures under formal or semiformal circumstances. The authors found only three such studies published in English language parapsychology journals before 1975. In the first one, Ronald and Lyndon Rose (Rose, 1952, 1955, 1956; Rose & Rose, 1951) performed a series of experiments using Australian Aborigines, which was successful. In fact, in one of these experiments Lizzie Williams (Rose & Rose, 1951) achieved the single most significant score published in a parapsychological journal. In this experiment, she made her guesses while tending to an unruly great-grandson, and had been one of the few Aborigines in this study who doubted their ability to produce telepathy. While her score accounted for most of the overall success in the first series, half of the Aborigines who participated in the second series of experiments scored at a significant level independently. In the second study, Robert Van de Castle (1972, 1974) found only marginal success with Cuna Indian students on the San Blas Islands, east of Panama, even though he adapted the standard ESP card symbols to objects familiar to the natives. As opposed to these studies, Dorothy Pope (1953) reported no significant ESP in a test in New Guinea conducted by a schoolteacher there. …" @default.
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• W327701058 date "2004-09-22" @default.
• W327701058 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W327701058 title "Two Cognitive DMILS Studies in Bali" @default.
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