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• W327834909 abstract "1.0 Introduction 1.1 The classification of Shekgalagari Shekgalagari is the spelling of the language adopted in this paper. Otherwise alternate spellings found in the literature are Shekgalagadi, Qhalaxadi, Qalaqarzi, Kxalaxari, Khalagari Khalakadi. Shekgalagari language belongs to the Sotho-Tswana cluster of the South-Eastern zone of Bantu languages. Specifically, it is classified as Western Sotho-Tswana (Chebanne, 2003) and a sister language with Setswana which is classified as Central Sotho-Tswana (Ibid). Shekgalagari is spoken in Botswana, and is one of the approximately 26 other marginalised languages in the country. It is spoken inter- and intra-ethically in two vast districts of Botswana: Kgalagadi and Ghanzi, as well as in other districts in the country. Approximately 272 000 people speak it as a mother tongue (Reteng, 2006), and is used as a lingua franca by other speech communities, especially the Khoesan. 1.2 The relationship between Shekgalagari and Setswana: problems posed for Shekgalagari. The historical and linguistic affinities between Shekgalagari and Setswana have not been advantageous to Shekgalagari. At the time the missionaries were developing indigenous languages in Southern Africa, Shekgalagari was considered a dialect of Setswana and was thought of as needing no development as an independent language. However, on the aspect of mutual intelligibility, Shekgalagari was at the same time regarded as so distant from Setswana to the point of being incomprehensible, and therefore not appropriate for inclusion in literacy developments alongside Setswana and not appropriate for inclusion in the school system (Moffat, 1842). This exclusion has persisted over a long period of time, to the extent that Shekgalagari still does not feature in essentially all of the significant levels of language use: education, media and all official spheres such as administration, commerce, parliament, etc. Furthermore it still does not have official recognition even at community level, i.e. it is not used for record keeping, etc., at kgotla meetings and other community level domains. This, like the rest of the other indigenous languages in the country, makes it a marginalized language. Shekgalagari is also a threatened language in Botswana. This is partly caused by English as the official language in the country. However, the principal cause of this threat comes from the pre-eminence of Setswana which has certain official functions as well as a very significant dominance during extra mural interactions between the people. Linguistic shift from Shekgalagari is made particularly to Setswana, and not to other languages in the country. The various stages of this linguistic shift are mapped out in Figure 1. (12) [FIGURE 1 OMITTED] Figure 1: The state of Shekgalagari in Botswana. Note: most of the inhabitants of Hunhukwe, Monong, Zutshwa, Ngwatle, Ncang and Ukhwi settlements are the !Xoo San people. The Bakgalagari people in the settlements are therefore a minority. Missionaries in the area report that code switching and mixing in favour of both Shekgalagari and !Xoo languages is becoming common, but this has not been studied systematically and in details. The Matsheng villages of Lekgwabe, (commonly pronounced as Lokgwabe), Hukuntsi, Lehututu and Tshane are found in the western part of Kgalagadi North District in Botswana, shown on the map as Area H. They are inhabited predominantly by Bakgalagari people, especially those who speak Shengologa dialect of the language, and who are sometimes just called Bangologa after their dialect. Figure 1 shows that in the Central District the shift from Shekgalagari to Setswana is complete and irrevocable, and the Bakgalagari who live in this district now speak Setswana from birth. In Kweneng District, now known as Letlhakeng District, as well as in the Southern District, the shift from Shekgalagari to Setswana is still in progress, but it is more pronounced because Shekgalagari is constantly in contact with Setswana in these areas. …" @default.
• W327834909 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W327834909 date "2013-12-01" @default.
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• W327834909 title "A Sociolinguistic Study of Shekgalagari: Issues of Survival in the Shadow of Setswana" @default.
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