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• W328559305 abstract "I. INTRODUCTIONIt is an honor to participate in this important symposium with such an impressive array of scholars. The symposium grew out of an Association of American Law Schools (AALS) Annual Meeting program that charged the speakers to develop innovative litigation strategies to advance gender justice by holding institutional actors responsible for various forms of sex and gender discrimination. Too frequently, the law takes an atomized approach to tort and discrimination law-singling out the bad actor, thereby losing sight of the institutional and structural features that prevent gender equality. The symposium contributors have advanced theories of liability that redress inequalities by targeting their institutional source. This Article takes a different tack by addressing the responsibility of an institutional player that becomes involved only after the principal wrongdoing has occurred. The Article argues that tort law should impose a duty in the form of litigation norms that apply when a liability insurance carrier conducts the defense on behalf of the actor being sued for wrongful conduct.* 1The Article begins by describing the universal black-letter common law rule that insurance companies owe no duties to tort victims when they control the litigation on behalf of their insured, the alleged tortfeasor. This Article demonstrates the injustice of this rule by considering a scenariomore typical than commentators are willing to acknowledge-that illustrates how the role of insurance may interfere with those who seek to advance the cause of gender justice. In Part Two, the Article reviews several strategies for holding insurance companies liable when their litigation tactics cause additional injury to the tort victim, and then explains why these strategies (even when taken together) are insufficient to address the institutional structures giving rise to the injustice. The Article concludes that the institutional problems associated with insurance defense litigation can be addressed only by fashioning a new cause of action that sounds in tort.II. The Injustice of the Common Law Rule That Liability Insurers Owe No Duties to Third Party ClaimantsA long-standing common law rule provides that a liability insurer owes no duties in tort or contract to a third-party claimant who has been injured by its insured.2 This stands in sharp contrast to the heightened duty of good faith owed to its insured, a duty grounded in their contractual relationship, but which gives rise to tort liability in some states.3 The logic of distinguishing between the insured and the third-party claimant appears unassailable: the insurer has contracted only with the insured, and the primary purpose of the contract is to defend and indemnify the insured rather than to confer a benefit on a person suing the insured.4 Imposing a tort duty on the insurer to act in good faith toward the third-party claimant would create an insoluble conflict by ignoring the fact that the insurer steps into the shoes of the tortfeasor as the tort victim's litigation adversary.5 Thus, courts treat the liability insurer and the third-party claimant as opposed parties who may each seek to maximize their own welfare in the litigation without regard to the interests of the other party.This principle is exemplified in a case involving a third-party claimant's suit against a carrier for stonewalling payments in a case of clear liability and documented damages. The carrier delayed payment solely to take advantage of the practical obstacles and inconveniences caused by the fact that the claimant resided in Maine and the accident occurred in the insured's home state of North Carolina. Without a hint of regret or a pang of conscience, the Maine Supreme Court concluded:That [the] defendant [insurer] may have acted in a manner which may have brought into play plaintiff's economic circumstances as pressure upon plaintiff to settle for an amount less than plaintiff believed his case was really worth does not constitute duress in legal contemplation, either to vitiate the settlement which was made or create an independent cause of action for damages. …" @default.
• W328559305 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W328559305 date "2014-04-01" @default.
• W328559305 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W328559305 title "Protecting Victims from Liability Insurance Companies That Add Gratuitous Insult to Grievous Injury" @default.
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