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• W330621578 abstract "Knowingly or not, through their housing and transportation preferences, it is the aging boomers-not or Y-who will bring us to healthier communities. The United States will be a very different place in 2030 compared to what it is in 2010. Between 2011 and 2029, America's population will turn 65. Just as their presence reshaped the country's built environment in the 1950s through the 1990s, so will they reshape it over the next generation. This article explores the influence the baby boom population has had on America's built environment to 2010 and speculates about how that cohort will influence the environment from here on. Planning and zoning will certainly be retooled, but so will housing choices and transportation options. In many respects, it is in response to the emerging needs and preferences of the aging boomers-not those of Gen X or Gen Y-that America will come to a true version of what a number of community and land-use planners call the new urbanism. The Baby Boom Century As the last of the so-called baby boom generation turns 65, in 2029, they may expect to live, on average, another twenty years, or more.1 Thus, of the 76 million boomers, perhaps 15 to 20 million will still be alive in 2050. Taking some license on precise years, we might indeed call the period 1950 to 2050 the Baby Boom Century. The first half of the Baby Boom Century saw a remarkable change in America's built landscape. It was during this time that the U.S. became a nation (Duany, PlaterZyberk, and Speck, 2000). A number of factors were at work. One was the availability of mortgage instruments allowing for small down payments, with loans paid over decades, thus facilitating homeownership (Schwartz, 2007). To qualify for federally insured mortgages, however, buyers usually had to purchase homes in developments that met federal regulations, such as those affecting subdivision design (Jackson, 1985). Another factor was that federal, state, and local financial regulations, incentives, and planning decisions clearly favored single-family, detached homes, often on large lots, over attached homes or even detached homes on small lots. In part because of these factors, the U.S. saw the greatest change in homeownership rates in the nation's history, rising from a low of 43 percent in 1940, during the depths of the Great Depression, to 66 percent in 2000 and in 20102 (see Figure 1). Another result of these changes was that overall density was reduced, usually below levels able to sustain transit. For instance, the density of cities with a population over 30,000 fell from about 6,500 persons per square mile in 1950 to about 3,700 per square mile in 2000 (adapted from Kim, 2007) (see Figure 2). Certainly part of this change was due to declining household sizes; in 1950, the average household size was 3.37, while in 2000 it was 2.62, but that decline accounts for only about a third of the change in density. Especially over the period from 1950 into the 1990s, America's land-use and development patterns were aimed at accommodating the baby boom. The modern zoning template owes itself to facilitating expansion of single-purpose residential developments throughout suburban America, principally to provide for a mostly child-oriented society (Nelson, 2006). Aging Boomers as the Leading Edge of the 'New Urbanism' Into their 50s, most boomers will have raised their children. As they have aged, their preferences for neighborhood and community attributes have changed as well, and will continue to do so. What are those preferences? Let us begin with a 1995 survey conducted by the Virginia Center for Housing Research (1995) at Virginia Tech of its alums who were at or near retirement age. The Virginia Tech survey is interesting because the university itself is the most isolated of all major universities, being about 200 miles from the nearest metropolitan area of one million residents or more. …" @default.
• W330621578 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W330621578 date "2008-12-01" @default.
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• W330621578 title "Catching the next wave: Older adults and the 'new urbanism'" @default.
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