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• W330629441 abstract "In his Siksasamuccaya (Anthology on Training, abbreviated SS), the eighth-century Indian Mahayana Buddhist thinker Santideva proclaims that a bodhisattva should think as follows: will give alcoholic drink (madya) even to alcohol drinkers; I will cause them to obtain mindfulness (smrti) and introspection (samprajanya) (SS 271). How, one might wonder, could giving alcohol to alcohol drinkers promote their mindfulness and introspection? Especially when, in the same text, Santideva warns the bodhisattva against alcohol consumption on the very grounds that it interferes with mindfulness and introspection (SS 120)? In the same passage, Santideva's advice on gift-giving takes another surprising turn. As well as alcohol, he says, one can even legitimately give the gift of weapons (SS 271)--a startling claim from a thinker who saves his harshest criticisms for anger and hatred and the harm they cause. And elsewhere in the text, Santideva even urges gifts of sexual intercourse. He praises a monk named Jyotis, who broke his vows to satisfy a woman who lusted after him (SS 167); he even says that bodhisattvas intentionally become prostitutes ... (SS 326). This even though he frequently condemns the dangers of sexuality and sexual atraction, in sometimes misogynistic terms (e.g., SS 81-2). Sex, drugs and violence: these are not the gifts that one would expect from a pious Buddhist monk. Santideva's praise of these gifts is particularly striking given his repeated alarm at the poisons of lust, anger, and delusion (e.g., SS 209). With sex, weapons and alcohol, he seems to be enabling each of these three respectively, perhaps even ignoring his own advice about their dangers. What is he thinking? Why would one give gifts that seem so potentially dangerous? This article will show that there is a coherent logic underlying Santideva's curious claims, based on Santideva's own claims about the benefits of gift-giving to the recipient: in brief, the recipient benefits from the gift encounter rather than the gift object. The article will then show that this logic applies not merely in these particular cases of vice, but for gift-giving in general. Because Santideva's reasoning applies to gifts in general and not merely to these vices, it has significant wider implications for constructive study, especially among politically Buddhists. Ellison Banks Findly has claimed that to the extent that early Buddhist texts are concerned with of a good society, of civic equity, of social justice, and of righteous living in the broad community, these questions are to be found in discussions of giving. So too, as we will see, engaged Buddhist writers like Stephen Jenkins and Judith Simmer-Brown turn to Buddhist discussions of giving (including Santideva's) as a scriptural or classical argument for political action to alleviate poverty. Indeed, as we will see, Santideva does advocate giving to the poor. We will see, however, that because Santideva's gift-giving is about the gift encounter and not the gift object, it does not have the political implications that socially Buddhists often see it as having. This article's investigation of Santideva therefore contributes to current debates about the origins and sources of Buddhist political concern. Santideva and His Thought (3) The name Santideva is associated above all with two extant texts, the Bodhicaryavatara (BCA) and the Siksasamuccaya (SS). The Bodhicaryavatara (Introduction to the Conduct of a Bodhisattva), in its most widely known form, is a work of just over 900 verses. Tibetan legends suggest that the text was originally recited orally (see de Jong), as do the text's own literary features (Kajihara). Although it has been translated into Tibetan multiple times and is revered throughout Tibetan Buddhist tradition, it was originally composed and redacted in Sanskrit. Its ten chapters lead their reader through the path followed by an aspiring bodhisattva--a future Buddha, and therefore a being on the way to perfection, according to Mahayana tradition. …" @default.
• W330629441 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W330629441 date "2013-01-01" @default.
• W330629441 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W330629441 title "The compassionate gift of vice: Śāntideva on gifts, altruism, and poverty" @default.
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