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- W331399145 abstract "SUSAN KRESS'S CAROLYN G. HEILBRUN: FEMINIST IN A TENURED POSITION, 2D ED., CHARLOTTESVILLE: UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA PRESS, 2005 VICTORIA ROSNER doleful closing lines of Oedipus Rex warn us that no life can be declared happy until it has come to an end. urge to reappraise the meaning of an individual's life seems especially acute in the case of suicides. Must the one who chooses death be remembered as unhappy? And in the case of writers, does a final act of self-destruction require that the work as well as the life be reconsidered in a new and darker light? Friends and associates of Carolyn Heilbrun, who took her own life in 2003, have done their best to resist answering these questions in the affirmative. As Susan Kress wrote shortly after Heilbrun's death, I fear that now this death will overpower the life; that we will reread Carolyn's work in the light of her suicide as if this were the magnet to which she was always and inevitably (2004, 332). Kress's fear may arise from the apparent conflict between the energetic of Heilbrun's life and the weary resignation of her final act. Kress's biography of Heilbrun, first published in 1997, concluded with optimism: The changes of Heilbrun's mind have been the theme of this book; its subject, a continuing intellectual journey (1997, 214). Heilbrun's brief suicide note, which read, The journey's over, refused to continue that quest. In response, Kress has extended her biography with an epilogue that seeks to understand the way Heilbrun chose to end her journey. Heilbrun's death raises the uneasy question of whether there is such a thing as a feminist suicide. In a recent special issue of Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature dedicated to Heilbrun, Sandra Gilbert offers a list of possible candidates for the tradition, both imagined (Karenina, Bovary, Pontellier) and actual (Teasdale, Woolf, Plath, Sexton). She goes on to sketch out four possible approaches to suicide for female authors or characters: erotic, sacrificial, self-loathing, and mimetic or competitive. According to Gilbert's taxonomy, the erotic suicide embraces death as a lover; the sacrificial suicide dies for another, generally her husband; the self-loathing suicide is disgusted by herself and her life; and the mimetic or competitive suicide wishes to take her place in the pantheon of women suicides (2005). Gilbert animates her taxonomy with a range of examples drawn from literature and life, though she backs away from the question about whether the tradition she outlines could be characterized as femininst. Gail Hoist-Warhaft, another contributor to this journal issue, is firm in her refusal of any connection: I don't believe that suicide is an act that can be linked, by any stretch of the imagination, to feminism (2005, 281). Are feminists who commit suicide the same thing as feminist suicides? That the former category exists is undeniable; the latter is more debatable. It's noteworthy how many of the women Gilbert lists took their lives in an overwhelming passion. These women hurled themselves toward their ends in a manner reminiscent of Clarissa Dalloway's imagining of Septimus Smith's suicide: was defiance. Death was an attempt to communicate; people feeling the impossibility of reaching the centre which, mystically, evaded (Woolf 2005, 180). For Clarissa, suicide springs from disappointed expectations, and in these expectations there may lie a feminist kernel. Feminists are vaulters, people of ambition who resist unfairness and imagine a more just world. scale of their ambitions may render them especially liable to disappointment, whether in a lover who has let them down, a world that seems to offer no compelling options to ambitious women, or themselves for failing to change that world. women Gilbert enumerates kill themselves young, for the most part; they are in the middle of life's battle and become casualties of the struggle. Like Thelma and Louise, who spontaneously embrace death rather than face subjugation by men, the feminist suicide creates a death that makes a statement about the impossibility of continuing to live. …" @default.
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- W331399145 date "2006-10-01" @default.
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- W331399145 title "Carolyn G. Heilbrun: Feminist in a Tenured Position" @default.
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