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• W331438969 abstract "The composition of cometary nuclei provides key evidence for understanding the formation and the evolution of matter in the early Solar System. Comets today reside mainly in two distinct reservoirs (Kuiper Belt and Oort cloud), but their formation regions in the proto-planetary disk is still an open question. A comparison of chemical taxonomies in different populations can test a possible gradient in the chemistry of icy planetesimals in the proto-planetary disk, along with the dynamical models that predicts their dissemination. Nowadays it is possible to group comets into three main taxonomical classes: ”Organic Enriched”, ”Organic Normal” and ”Organic Depleted”, but still the sample of studied comets (around 20 comets studied with high resolution spectroscopy so far) is too small to be representative of the whole population [1] [2]. The richest wavelength domain for studying the original volatile and organic components in comets is the mid-IR between about 3 and 5 μm. Using high dispersion spectroscopy (resolving power ≥20000) a number of parent gas species, sublimating directly from cometary nuclei, can be measured: H2O, NH3, HCN, CO, CH4, C2H2, C2H6, CH3OH, H2CO. Flux measurements of molecular emission lines allow the determination of production rates and mixing ratios of these volatiles in comets. In this respect, CRIRES at VLTUT1 represents the only instrument at ESO and in the Southern hemisphere providing the spectral resolution and the sensitivity needed for this kind of measurements. We present here the results obtained from the observations, performed with CRIRES, of two comets: 8P/Tuttle [3] [4] and C/2007 W1 Boattini [5], the first observed in January 2008, the latter in May 2008. These two comets revealed quite different organic compositions. 8P/Tuttle is a periodic comet in a Halley type orbit; it revealed a low content of organic material, typical for ”Organic Depleted” types, except for a prominent enrichment of methanol. (Figure 1). The peculiar composition of 8P/Tuttle could be explained introducing a binary nature of its nucleus, that can be formed by two chemically distinct cometesimals (organic depleted plus organic enriched) [7]. C/2007 W1 Boattini is a long-period (likely dynamically new) comet; if we compare this comet with other Oort Cloud comets observed to date, except for the substantial enrichment in C2H6, we can regard it as an ”Organic Normal” comet (Figure 2). Figure 1: Parent volatiles and dust in comet 8P/Tuttle (Jan. 2008). The thick red line in each panel represents the cometary continuum convolved with a synthetic transmittance spectrum of the terrestrial atmosphere, and the green lines indicate the noise envelope. For each panel (A to I) the detected species are indicated [3]." @default.
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• W331438969 date "2009-09-01" @default.
• W331438969 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W331438969 title "A comprehensive study of the composition of comets 8P/Tuttle and C/2007 W1 Boattini, from IR high resolution spectroscopy observations, performed with CRIRES at VLT." @default.
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