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• W33256585 abstract "Public power is the result of a serendipitous arrangement formed more than 100 years ago. The most important ingredients were the human desire for a better life through the use of electric power and the philosophy of affirmative government - the idea that government has a responsibility to ensure that all its citizens, rich and poor alike, have access to technologies that can improve their lives. A new technology - broadband telecommunications - could eclipse even electric power in its capacity to improve our lives. This system of fiber optic cables and electronics, capable of delivering competitive cable television, telephone service, and high-speed computer networking to every home and business, has the potential to invigorate local economies and improve the lives of citizens in the same way that electric utilities did in the first half of this century. It needs only affirmative government to democratize it. History Lesson Contrary to popular belief, the development of electric power did not begin in the United States. The first serious experimentation on electricity took place in Europe in 1730 with the invention of the Leyden Jar, a device developed to build up and store an electric charge. But for decades the phenomenon remained a curiosity with no practical application. The real potential for electric power began to take shape during the early 1800s with the development of the electromagnet, the telegraph, and crude electric motors. America really became excited about electric power when early arc lighting was demonstrated in Paris and London in 1877. The prospect of lighting city streets launched the new industry. From the very beginning, the visionaries creating the new industry were more interested in its profit potential than its potential ability to improve the lot of ordinary citizens. Because people wanted greater access to electricity than the industry was able or willing to provide, some cities sought, through affirmative government initiatives, to provide this service for themselves. In April 1893, Detroit citizens voted 15,282 to 1,745 on an advisory ballot in favor of creating a municipally owned electric plant. Detroit Electric Light and Power (DELP) and its parent company, General Electric Company, fought against the effort. If the city were to do its own lighting at about half what other companies bid, would establish a bad precedent, warned William H. Fitzgerald, general manager of DELP. The new mayor of Detroit, Hazen Pingree, a prosperous shoe manufacturer and municipal reformer, countered DELP's argument. If this is done, Pingree declared, it will take electric lights out of the luxuries of life, only to used by the wealthy, and place within the reach of the humblest of citizens.(1) The resistance that Pingree encountered in providing the common people with electric power as a nonprofit service is the same that affirmative governments run up against today when they seek to democratize other technologies. For centuries, affirmative government has been used successfully in America as an economic development tool, but has always been controversial. For example, when John Quincy Adams and Albert Gallatin, Thomas Jefferson's secretary of the Treasury, proposed a detailed 10-year plan for the construction of roads and canals by the government, their plan was rejected. Gallatin contended that development of the transportation network could not be left to individual exertion(2) because of its overarching importance to the future of the republic. Yet the system of improvements he and Adams proposed was never implemented. In 1837, Adams lamented: With this system ten years from this day the surface of the whole Union would have been checkered over with railroads and canals. It may still done half a century later and with the limping gait of State legislature and private adventure. I would have done in the administration of the affairs of the nation. …" @default.
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• W33256585 date "1998-12-22" @default.
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• W33256585 title "Power to the People: Government Has a Responsibility to See That All Its Citizens Have Access to the Latest Telecommunications Technology" @default.
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