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• W332816051 abstract "In Baltimore, the mayor's lack of success at school reform led to a state takeover of the city's schools, In Washington, D.C., mayoral control has begun to stabilize the system. So what does this tell us about the ability of city hall to run a school system? Can the ills of urban school systems be cured by changing the way they are governed? How helpful is it, for example, to reconfigure the school board? To put the mayor in charge of the schools? To arrange for a state takeover? Whatever the changes, someone is sure to be irritated. This is because governance systems reflect certain values, advance certain interests, and contribute to or subtract from the power and prestige of various elected officials, school employees and their unions, and other constituencies. Americans have long believed that local school systems ought to be governed locally, usually by elected school boards. Particularly in big cities, however, this often turns out to work better in theory than in reality. Persistent reports of nepotism, corruption, or gross mismanagement often require subverting the ideal of local control to the need for accountability and strong leadership. Extraordinary means of oversight may be put in place: the courts may appoint a special master; a control board may be created; or power may be shifted from the board to the mayor. Changes in leadership usually accompany changes in governance. Outsiders with special skills and unconventional resumes may be recruited to run the system. These may include business leaders with expertise in running large organizations, or perhaps lawyers to negotiate the tricky relationships with employee organizations, advocacy groups, and other stakeholders. Often the hiring of new leadership is accompanied by policy changes that allow for the exercise of stronger executive authority. This may include more control over budgets and more power in recruiting and evaluating personnel. The search for more competent executive leadership can often roil interest groups within the school system, such as teacher unions and school administrators, whose power is in part tied to having one of their own, a former teacher and administrator, running the system. Market efficiency and consumer sovereignty have recently gained favor as organizing principles of governance as well. Market mechanisms can take many forms, such as charters, vouchers, and private contracting. The idea is that consumer choice can satisfy the public's need to feel involved and represented, and that competition will make schools accountable for their results, obviating the need for powerful external overseers. In recent years, the story of school reform in the cities of Baltimore and Washington, D.C., has been a tale of competition among these strategies and key principles. In both cities, a system that emphasized representative governance was discredited, leading to very different outcomes. In Washington, external oversight eventually led to a reassertion of mayoral leadership--and a proliferation of charter schools to enliven the education marketplace. In Baltimore, the mayor's deep involvement with a discredited regime led to an external oversight plan that limited the mayor's role, What follows is a narrative of governance overhauls in two large urban districts, each serving a predominately African-American population. Washington, D.C. A chronic sore point with residents of the nation's capital is their restricted power to govern themselves, Nor until 1974 did limited home rule begin in the District of Columbia. The charter provides for an elected mayor and a 13-member council, also elected by popular vote. Each of the city's eight wards elects one member; five are elected at large. Until recently, the D.C. school board was elected in the same manner--13 members, 1 from each ward, the rest chosen citywide. However, the mayor had far less control over school affairs than over the actions of the city council, Former mayor Marion Barry often complained about not being able to control what school officials did. …" @default.
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• W332816051 date "2001-12-22" @default.
• W332816051 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W332816051 title "Old Wine, New Bottles." @default.
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