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• W334190966 abstract "Conclusions * Many of the recent conflicts have been temporarily halted through emergency crisis-resolution actions. These emergency actions, though, have not focused on the interrelated sources of these conflicts, and have not thus far led to a real, lasting regional solution. * Although the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) has proven to be necessary in monitoring minority activities and elections in the region, it has been insufficient to resolve the region's ills. * The European Union (EU) and West European Union (WEU) remain blind to many of the region's countries and their problems. Unfortunately, some of the actions these organizations have taken may have had a negative effect on the region's stability. * Regional expectations about what NATO (and the United States) can actually achieve far exceed NATO's collective will, political-military capacities and the realities of the United States' limits. Yet, almost all attention has been focused upon NATO intervention. Hence, regional expectations are likely to remain unfulfilled with adverse implications for NATO's prestige and U.S. influence. The Roots of Insecurity The roots of insecurity and instability can be attributed to at least the following four interrelated problems: (1) psychological factors; (2) state-building challenges; (3) economic development; and (4) security/defense issues. Efforts to eradicate the sources of insecurity and conflict must attack all these problems simultaneously. Because NATO is only effective in ameliorating two of the four problems--psychological and security/defense--a more comprehensive and coordinated strategy is necessary. Psychological Factors: versus European Two fundamentally different and contradictory modes of thinking remain evident in the region. The predominant emphasizes the pursuit of narrow nationalistic interests even at the expense of one's neighbors. This mode could be labeled Balkan (with its images of powder kegs and ghosts); it employs history to justify the need to rectify past political or social injustice. A very different mode of thinking, which remains latent in the region, stresses cooperation. This mode could be labeled as Southeast European. It requires shedding historical blinders and transcending legacies by stressing the need for cooperative activities and institutions, such as the European Cooperation Initiative (SEECI), the European Defense ministerial, or the Multinational Peace Force South-Eastern Europe (MPFSEE). The historical model for such cooperation is the successful reconciliation of former adversaries--Germany and France--in Western Europe. We now need to implement this model in the southeast corner of Europe. It needs to be recalled, though, that the German-French project required attention to cooperative institution-building as well as substantial resources over a 50-year period. In sum, enormous time and effort will be required to erode and eradicate the predominant psychological attitude. Compared to Western Europe, which has had a 50-year head-start, the European region is only beginning. State-building Challenges The post-Communist legacy presents a region-wide need to develop political and social institutions to meet the needs of each state's citizens--the challenge of state-building at the most basic level. While Germany and France were being slowly embedded in the institutional web of NATO and the European Community/Union, Communist regimes uniformly suppressed historic national differences and the vestiges of the Treaties of Berlin (1878) and Trianon (1920) in Europe's southeast corner. Complicating the challenge is the fact that the post-Communist regional legacy remains diverse. Some states, such as Albania, Romania, and Bulgaria, maintained statehood throughout Communist rule. …" @default.
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• W334190966 date "1998-10-01" @default.
• W334190966 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W334190966 title "Sources of Balkan Insecurity: The Need for a Comprehensive Strategy" @default.
• W334190966 doi "https://doi.org/10.21236/ada385817" @default.
• W334190966 hasPublicationYear "1998" @default.
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