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• W334285220 abstract "An Ancient Ideal The ancient world, like today, struggled with its approach to education. There was a tension between the grammarians and the schools of rhetoric. The ancient Greek system started with the early ages in grammar school focusing on writing and the written words. The rhetorician schools of Socrates and Plato were reserved for older students. With the exception of Aristodemus of Nyso, the Greeks never taught grammar and rhetoric together at one school. The Romans, while favoring the grammarian approach, also allowed for rhetoric. Many Romans such as Pompey saw the Aristodemus blended approach as the ideal. The approach of these educational blends still favored the Greek rhetoric approach. The educational blend of the two was known as progymnastic exercises or progymnastia. St. Augustine in the fourth century described the use of progymnastic exercises in colorful detail as his favorite. Progymnastic exercises were a powerful technique and approach. They combined language, composition, and the questioning approaches of the best of each of the ancient approaches. Progymnastic approaches ultimately gave way to the lecture and composition approach of today. This was a result of the need for larger class sizes and a need to cover more material. The power of progymnastia and rhetoric was lost for lack of a powerful medium. A new Medium--the Internet Internet teaching offers a new challenge and a new medium for teachers. When I personally started Internet teaching at a college level, I was suspect of the new medium. It appeared to be an inferior medium to face-to-face lecture and discussion. In fact, lecture via the Internet was a poor application. Timing is particularly affected if you lecture in the chat room symrochures mode. The asynchronous mode brings other challenges of effective independent study. The real surprise was in the synchronous chat rooms that the use of questions dramatically increases class participation over the normal classroom setting. In fact, it allows many to achieve the Greek ideal of progymnastia and rhetoric. Generally, the use of lecture via Internet courses is too abstract for learning. It puts a true distance in distance learning. Lecture in the classroom lacks verbal interaction at times, but there remains strong non-verbal interaction. Lecture in synchronous Internet courses reduces the courses to self-study. The use of questions and rhetoric can bring interaction and a new level of learning. Of course, as with the Greek's progymnastia approach, some reading is required as well as traditional ancillary components such as assignments and tests. Still the central learning focus of the progymnastic approach is planned questioning to achieve understanding. Rhetoric is central to the progymnastic approach and the Internet medium. Internet Challenges to Teaching Many educators have been slow to embrace Internet because of fear it lacks quality. The real issue, however, is that the Internet requires a different approach. The Internet challenges include a methodology to promote interaction, replacing the personal touch of the classroom, student motivation, and learning performance. Some of the early approaches to Internet learning were, at best, a new delivery system for self-study or an awkward adaptation of traditional lecture. In the asynchronous mode, it remains difficult to overcome the mentioned challenges. Synchronous with chat rooms on the other hand has the potential to not only meet the challenges but also offers a superior educational tool. The issue is to develop the techniques needed for the new medium versus trying to fit traditional classroom methodology. As noted, adapted lecture techniques lack the interaction of the classroom. What is needed is a method to involve the student in the chat. It is here that the new medium offers an opportunity to use the mode of questioning used in early Greek rhetoric and progymnastic approaches. …" @default.
• W334285220 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W334285220 date "2002-12-22" @default.
• W334285220 modified "2023-09-22" @default.
• W334285220 title "Progymnastia a Synchromus Approach to Internet Teaching" @default.
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