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• W334389866 abstract "I. INTRODUCTION The George Washington International Law Review asked me to present something short and innovative about an issue critical to global trade in the new millennium; to contribute to a big think about the fundamental questions about the nature and function of the WTO system. My topic is China's accession to the WTO. The accession of China to the WTO may be the biggest change to the international trading system ever. It may cause greater changes to the world trading system than the conclusion of the GATT among the original 23 countries in 1948 or the formation of the WTO in 1995. 1 am not going to present a summary of the negotiation for the accession of China to the WTO - you can look elsewhere for that.' I am also not going to present another version of what is, in my opinion, the somewhat vain idea that the WTO is going to change the Chinese legal system overnight from rule by people to the rule of law. Instead, I will present a particular perspective on the accession of China to the WTO that contributes to our big think about the whole system of global trade in the new millennium. II. THE IMPORTANCE OF PRINCIPLES TO THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WTO One of the broadest formulations of the function of an international economic legal order is that presented by Jan Tumlir.2 His assessment was that when communities within states fail to adjust to changes in the world around them, that failure results in stresses between communities within those states; this accumulated stress often causes a conflict between that state and other states. Tumlir's view was that the function of the international economic legal order is to prevent governments from adopting policies that put off the need to make incremental changes so that the need for those small adjustments does not accumulate into the need for large adjustments that could potentially spill over into conflicts between states. Tumlir also wrote of the difficulties of maintaining such a system in a world of sovereign states that are reluctant to cooperate in adjudicating disputes about the operation of the system. His view was that we have a better chance of maintaining the continuity of the international economic order over time if there exists a shared understanding of the reasons for the system which can provide a basis for reaching consensus on the operation of the systems Obviously, pragmatism and political feasibilities play a role, but there is historical evidence to support the proposition that the successful resolution of trade disputes requires a consensus as to the economic and political reasons for disciplining particular kinds of conduct. For example, for many years, GATT parties were unable to reach agreement on the regulation of export subsidies. The members did not have a shared intellectual basis for deciding how and why they wanted to regulate certain subsidies.4 Despite the attempted regulation under the Tokyo Round Subsidies Code, the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures is the first time that GATT parties have been able to give practical manifestation to the economic theory that an export subsidy is a more selfharming instrument that other kinds of subsidies.5 Similarly, for many years, parties were unable to agree on regulation of voluntary export restraints. The WTO Agreement on Safeguards is the first time that WTO members have been able to agree on what economic theory tells us about the costs to an importing country of a Voluntary Export Restraint compared to a simple import tariff.6 In summary, I submit that, in the long run, whatever may be the role of pragmatism and political feasibilities, Tumlir was right. We do need to have a shared understanding of the reasons for the system. In the very near future, part of the purpose of the WTO treaties will be to provide a set of rules to minimize and settle conflicts between China and other countries. …" @default.
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• W334389866 date "2001-01-01" @default.
• W334389866 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W334389866 title "The Influence and Lack of Influence of Principles in the Negotiation for China's Accession to the Word Trade Organization" @default.
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