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• W335091865 abstract "Peter Pastor and Graydon A. Tunstall, eds. Essays on World War I. CHSP Hungarian Studies Series, 26. Wayne: Center for Hungarian Studies and Publications, Inc., 2012. viii, 188 pp. Index. $50.00, cloth.The fast approaching centenary of Great War has spurred a number of academic projects re-examining conflict in its various economic, social, political, and military aspects. World War I historiography has traditionally focused on Western Front, to extent that Winston Churchill's 1931 moniker of war in East, the unknown war, remained an apt description for several decades. The relative scarcity of in-depth studies is evidenced by fact that many scholars still consider Norman Stone's The Eastern Front, 1914-1917, originally published in 1975, to be best single-volume treatment of subject. However, recent outpouring of Great War studies has attempted to redress this imbalance. The work under review is one example of this promising trend.Essays on World War I is a collection of eight essays by six eminent scholars, which are expanded versions of conference papers presented at Florida and Gulf Coast Chapter Seminar of World War One Historical Association in February 2008. Several of authors have gone on to publish monographs on aspects of war in East their essays examine. Unlike war in West, which witnessed fighting between nation- states along a relatively stable front, war in East was an imperial clash involving dynastic Romanov, Habsburg, and Ottoman Empires, largely fought in ethnically diverse borderlands of Central and Eastern Europe. The essays in collection attempt to explore this complicated dynamic by revisiting pivotal military campaigns (the Habsburg Carpathian Offensive, Austro-German victory at Gorlice-Tarnow, and Russian Brusilov Offensive), a particular type of warfare (air operations or use of tactical wireless), or experience of a specific national and / or combatant group (Hungarian POWs in Siberia or Czechs in Habsburg Army and in Russian captivity). Some of common themes emerging from essays are futility of pursuit of total victory, which resulted in huge losses in manpower on all sides; enormous logistical difficulties vast distances and varied terrain posed to million-strong armies; reluctance of General Staffs to embrace new technologies and military tactics; and increasing importance national issues assumed as war dragged on.The first two articles in collection are in many ways complementary, covering between them entire course of military actions on Eastern Front in eventful year 1915. Graydon A. Tunstall's essay analyzes lessons of Habsburg winter offensives against Russians in Carpathians. In spite of enormous casualties two sides suffered, both failed to achieve their primary objectives. However, unsuccessful Habsburg offensive inadvertently helped spring victory at Gorlice-Tarnow by tying too many Russian troops to intractable Carpathian passes. According to Richard L. DiNardo, Gorlice-Tarnow breakthrough and subsequent advance into Russia's western borderlands represented high point of coalition warfare for Central Powers. It also demonstrated superiority of slow and steady strategic approach, which emphasized careful preparation of offensives with limited objectives, over rival approach favouring giant envelopments and leaps in pursuit of total victory (pp. …" @default.
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