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• W336089400 abstract "[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Guantanamo: The on Human Rights by David Rose. New York: The New Press, 2004. Because the legal advice was we could do what we wanted to them there (22). This is how a top-level Pentagon official, in David Rose's Guantanamo: The on Human Rights, explains why detainees held by the United States have been detained at Guantanamo Bay. It is just one illustration of the important role that lawyers have played in the War on Terror--a role, along with factors that have or that may have influenced it, that forms the topic of this essay. The part that a number of American government lawyers have played in devising a legal framework for the United States' response to the attacks of September 11, 2001 has become increasingly clear over the last few years. Over time a number of previously classified memoranda written by these lawyers have become public. Often controversially referred to as the memos, these documents justify policies and actions that many lawyers and commentators consider violations of American Constitutional law and/or international obligations of the United States. (2) One particularly controversial memo was the so-called written by the Office of Legal Counsel (OLC) of the Justice Department. It was signed by Assistant Attorney General Jay Bybee, but it has been reported that former OLC Deputy Assistant Attorney General John Yoo drafted important parts of its substance. The Bybee memo created an uproar when it was leaked to the Washington Post in June 2004. It is outside the ambit of this essay to analyze the memo in depth, which in any case has already been done elsewhere. (O'Connell 2005; Paust 2005; and Rouillard 2005) It is instructive to briefly describe its contents, however. The objective of the memo is to examine the limits on the use of force (standards of permissible conduct) for interrogations conducted outside the United States found in the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Torture Convention) as implemented in American law. It concludes that the restrictions are very limited--that only acts inflicting and specifically intended to inflict severe pain or suffering, whether mental or physical, are prohibited (Bybee 2002). On the other hand, circumstances that inflict severe mental pain not intended to have lasting effects, as well as physical pain less than that which accompanies serious physical injury such as death or organ failure, are allowed under the Torture Convention (Bybee 2002). The memo continues to argue that even if an interrogation method arguably were to violate the prohibition on torture in American law, that law would be unconstitutional if it impermissibly encroached on the President's constitutional power to conduct a military campaign. It adopts a very broad interpretation of the Constitution with regard to the powers of the President to arrive at the conclusion that any effort to apply the law in a manner that interferes with the President's direction of such core war matters as the detention and interrogation of enemy combatants would be unconstitutional. The final part of the memorandum examines possible defenses to a charge of torture. It concludes that necessity or self-defense could provide justifications that would eliminate any criminal liability (Bybee 2002: 46). Due mainly to this memo, the media has made John Yoo particularly emblematic of the role played by a number of American government lawyers in the War on Terror. This role is characterized by a very narrow interpretation of international law, accompanied by a very broad reading of the powers of the President of the United States in general, and during a crisis or war in particular. Certain commentators have not only criticized the interpretation of the law given by these lawyers, but also their approach to tendering legal advice. According to these commentators, the way this was done by the lawyers concerned constitutes a perversion of the role that government lawyers should play. …" @default.
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• W336089400 date "2007-01-01" @default.
• W336089400 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W336089400 title "I'm Just Talking about the Law (1): Guantanamo and the Lawyers" @default.
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