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• W336793061 abstract "Syphilis is a complex infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum and acquired through sexual contact or vertical transmission. The natural history of syphilis is divided in primary, secondary, latent and tertiary stages. The syphilis epidemic has evolved over the years. National rates of syphilis infection dropped to the lowest in 2000 and have since increased in certain populations. Men who have sex with men (MSM) account for 60% of new infections and high rates occur in individuals with human immune deficiency virus co-infection. This study describes and compares the demographic characteristics, risk factors, and clinical presentation of infectious syphilis cases diagnosed in the Miami-Dade Health Department STD clinic among the two main ethnicities (non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic). Florida Public Health Review, 2012; 9, 105-109. Background Syphilis is a complex infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum and acquired through sexual contact or vertical transmission. The natural history of syphilis is divided in primary, secondary, latent and tertiary syphilis. Infectious syphilis consists of the primary, secondary, and early latent stages (Kent & Romanelli, 2008; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2010a). The syphilis epidemic has evolved over the years. National rates of syphilis infection dropped to the lowest in 2000 and have since increased in certain populations. Men who have sex with men (MSM) account for 60% of new infections and high rates occur in individuals with human immune deficiency virus (HIV) co-infection (Gottlieb et al., 2008; Heffelfinger et al., 2007; Horberg et al., 2010). Disparities are also seen among different races and ethnicities. National data from the CDC and local reports, reveal higher rates among Blacks in the U.S. (Newman & Berman, 2008; CDC, 2010b). Miami is a multi-ethnic city with high prevalence of both sexually transmitted infections (STI) and HIV (CDC, 2010; Florida Department of Health [FDOH], 2010). In 2010, the CDC reported that Miami was one of the metropolitan areas with the highest number of cases with infectious syphilis and ranked fourth in the country (CDC, 2010b). Although national data show highest rates among Blacks, the rates of both syphilis and HIV are increasing among Hispanics in southern cities such as Miami (Castro et al., 2009; FDOH, 2010; CDC, 2010b). The Miami-Dade Health Department (MDHD) sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic serves the population of Miami-Dade County and visitors. Patients attend the clinic when they have STI-related symptoms, or when contacted by surveillance services because of a positive reported test (syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea or HIV). Most individuals attending the clinic are of Hispanic or African American origin. All individuals undergo a detailed physical exam and syphilis testing with rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and syphilis enzyme immunoassay (EIA) IgG or fluorescent treponemal antibody absorbed (FTAABS) if the RPR is reactive. Dark field examination is performed in any genital lesion. Treatment is provided according to the stage of the disease and following CDC (2010a) guidelines. General demographics of individuals infected with syphilis are available through MDHD reports (FDOH 2010). However, detailed information on risk factors, clinical presentation, co-infections with other STIs by ethnicity is not known and is essential for designing ethnic targeted STI prevention strategies. This describes and compares the demographic characteristics, risk factors, and clinical presentation of infectious syphilis cases diagnosed in the MDHD STD clinic in the two main ethnic groups it serves (non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic). Methods A retrospective cohort study of the MDHD STD clinic medical records of individuals with a positive RPR from January 1, 2009 to August 31, 2009 was performed. Approvals Approvals from the University of Miami and the Florida Department of Health Institutional Review Boards were obtained prior to any study related activities. Definitions Infectious cases were considered those with primary, secondary, early latent, and syphilis of unknown duration in patients with high risk sexual" @default.
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• W336793061 date "2012-04-01" @default.
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• W336793061 title "Infectious Syphilis in Non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics in an Urban STD Clinic" @default.
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