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• W337070101 abstract "ABSTRACT In May 2008 a consignment of conventional weapons destined for Zimbabwe arrived in the Durban harbour. The official authorisation for the transfer of the consignment over South African territory to Zimbabwe was interdicted by the dock workers' refusal to offload and an urgent High Court application barring the further transfer of the weapons. The incident caused a controversy and public debate on South Africa's obligations to prevent the transfer of arms to countries, like Zimbabwe, at a time when government oppression and human rights violations in the course of a fraudulent election process were the subjects of international concern. This article assesses the situation firstly from the perspective of the legislative measures and the arms control oversight function of the National Conventional Arms Control Committee, and secondly from South Africa's international law obligations. 1. INTRODUCTION Fraudulent and violent elections are hallmarks of African politics. Over the last decade or more, the Mugabe regime in Zimbabwe has on various occasions demonstrated how easy it still is to remain in power through a combination of state-sponsored violence, torture and election rigging. (1) This practice proved once again helpful during the run-up to the March 2008 combined presidential and parliamentary elections when the ruling ZANU-PF and their proxy forces of youth militia and so-called war veterans used state-sponsored violence and a fraudulent election process to force a political impasse in the face of a possible opposition victory. While the final election results were still outstanding several weeks after the election and ordinary Zimbabweans were still subjected to government-sponsored abuses, a Chinese vessel docked in the Durban harbour, carrying a military cargo destined for Zimbabwe and which included three million rounds of 7,62mm ammunition, 69 rocket-propelled grenades, as well as mortar bombs and tubes. (2) It also transpired that once the controversial cargo was discharged from the vessel, the further transportation of the cargo across South African territory to Zimbabwe would have been facilitated by the South African government, an event that was only interdicted by South African dock workers' refusal to offload the cargo and an urgent High Court interdict which barred the transportation of the cargo across South African territory. The controversial part of the event was the South African government's (assisted by its arms procurement agency, Armscor) clearance of the cargo and authorisation for the cargo's transportation to Zimbabwe. The official position of the South African government was that the cargo was the subject of a legal transaction between two governments (Zimbabwe and China) and that there was no United Nations (UN) arms embargo against Zimbabwe at the rime. Consequently, South Africa had little choice but to allow the deal between the two countries to proceed. China also considered the transaction as 'standard business' with Zimbabwe. (3) That contested elections in politically unstable countries usually attract weapon merchants and involve a propensity for violence on either side of the dividing lines, were apparently not enough ground for the South African government to use its sovereignty over its own territory to prevent the shipment from reaching its destination. Whatever the real motivation for the South African government's ostensibly unproblematic co-operation was, the incident provides a good opportunity for revisiting the national legal and policy framework as well as South Africa's international obligations, if any, with regard to weapon transfers to conflict areas. 2. THE LEGISLATIVE AND POLICY FRAMEWORK On 1 May 2003 the National Conventional Arms Control Act, 2002 (Act No 41 of 2002) came into force and effect. The preamble gives clear recognition to providing adequate protection of rights to life and security of the person against repression and acts of aggression as a prerequisite for the well-being and the social and economic development of every country. …" @default.
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• W337070101 date "2008-11-01" @default.
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• W337070101 title "Transfer of Arms to Conflict Areas: South Africa's Responsibilities" @default.
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