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• W337425826 abstract "Recently, a novel method to trap and pattern ensembles of nanoparticles has been proposed andtested. It relies on the photovoltaic (PV) properties of certain ferroelectric crystals such as LiNbO3 [1,2].These crystals, when suitably doped, develop very high electric fields in response to illumination withlight of suitable wavelength. The PV effect lies in the asymmetrical excitation of electrons giving rise toPV currents and associated space-charge fields (photorefractive effect). The field generated in the bulkof the sample propagates to the surrounding medium as evanescent fields. When dielectric or metalnanoparticles are deposited on the surface of the sample the evanescent fields give rise to eitherelectrophoretic or dielectrophoretic forces, depending on the charge state of the particles, that inducethe trapping and patterning effects [3,4].The purpose of this work has been to explore the effects of such PV fields in the biology andbiomedical areas. A first work was able to show the necrotic effects induced by such fields on He-Latumour cells grown on the surface of an illuminated iron-doped LiNbO3 crystal [5]. In principle, it isconceived that LiNbO3 nanoparticles may be advantageously used for such biomedical purposesconsidering the possibility of such nanoparticles being incorporated into the cells. Previous experimentsusing microparticles have been performed [5] with similar results to those achieved with the substrate.Therefore, the purpose of this work has been to fabricate and characterize the LiNbO3 nanoparticles andassess their necrotic effects when they are incorporated on a culture of tumour cells.Two different preparation methods have been used: 1) mechanical grinding from crystals, and 2)bottom-up sol-gel chemical synthesis from metal-ethoxide precursors. This later method leads to a moreuniform size distribution of smaller particles (down to around 50 nm). Fig. 1(a) and 1(b) shows SEMimages of the nanoparticles obtained with both method.An ad hoc software taking into account the physical properties of the crystal, particullarly donorand aceptor concentrations has been developped in order to estimate the electric field generated innoparticles. In a first stage simulations of the electric current of nanoparticles, in a conductive media,due to the PV effect have been carried out by MonteCarlo simulations using the Kutharev 1-centretransport model equations [6] . Special attention has been paid to the dependence on particle size and[Fe2+]/[Fe3+]. First results on cubic particles shows large dispersion for small sizes due to the randomnumber of donors and its effective concentration (Fig 2).The necrotic (toxicity) effect of nanoparticles incorporated into a tumour cell culture subjected to30 min. illumination with a blue LED is shown in Fig.3. For each type of nanoparticle the percent of cellsurvival in dark and illumination conditions has been plot as a function of the particle dilution factor. Fig.1a corresponds to mechanical grinding particles whereas 1b and 1c refer to chemically synthesizedparticles with two oxidation states. The light effect is larger with mechanical grinding nanoparticles, butdark toxicity is also higher. For chemically synthesized nanoparticles dark toxicity is low but only inoxidized samples, where the PV effect is known to be larger, the light effect is appreciable.These preliminary results demonstrate that Fe:LiNbO· nanoparticles have a biological damagingeffect on cells, although there are many points that should be clarified and much space for PVnanoparticles optimization. In particular, it appears necessary to determine the fraction of nanoparticlesthat become incorporated into the cells and the possible existence of threshold size effects.This work has been supported by MINECO under grant MAT2011-28379-C03." @default.
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• W337425826 date "2013-09-09" @default.
• W337425826 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W337425826 title "Photovoltaic LiNbO3particles: Applications to Biomedicine/Biophotonics" @default.
• W337425826 hasPublicationYear "2013" @default.
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