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• W339848486 abstract "Conclusion The computer chip and digital systems for ground combat are as radical as the machinegun in World War I and the blitzkrieg in World War II; they permit standoff attacks rather than closure to rifle range, decreasing U.S. casualty rates and increasing the tempo and breadth of the battlefield. Combat Operations Centers will resemble the trading pits both in the speed and volume of fire requests and in decisionmaking under stress. The wargame, matching 22 traders and 22 Marine generals and colonels, brought out strong parallels. But where the military stress input processes for fire coordination, the traders stress output techniques to anticipate the market. The traders are willing to share techniques learned from years of digital financial warfighting. Setting: The Digital Battlefield In the past, infantry used firepower to close within rifle range of the enemy and destroy him. In the future, small teams can apply standoff firepower to break the cohesion of the enemy, with the infantry closing only to administer the coup de grace. If the United States can maneuver fires as adroitly as it maneuvers units, this will save lives and hasten victory. Infantry routinely see the enemy. For example, in a Vietnam operation called Stingray, Marine reconnaissance patrols saw over 20,000 North Vietnamese, yet only called in fires on 1,500. U.S. casualties were lower than in infantry battalions; the patrols hid to avoid firefights. On average, a three-day patrol reported six sightings totaling 40 enemy; however, the enemy could not be hit because the patrols were not certain of their location. The United States can change such battlefields. The Global Positioning System, target designators, and digital communications transfer data instantly to supporting arms. This assumes the command system will adapt as the troops adapt. The division structure was designed by Napoleon (squads to platoons, etc.) to insure response to orders shouted over the din of battle. This organizational pyramid filtered information, specified responsibilities, and limited spans of control--essential prescriptions for linear warfare where one unit ties into another. In the next war, the enemy may break into nonlinear formations to avoid offering lucrative targets. But with digital equipment, U.S. strike teams can stand off and call in fires upon dispersed enemy units of diverse sizes--80% of fires will be spontaneous and unplanned. The command headquarters will receive dozens of simultaneous messages. Those engaged in battle at the small unit level will not be filtered through platoons, companies, and the like before their reports and requests are known. When information transfer is instant and ecumenical, who will get what fires when, and why? Role of the Futures Market Futures trading is an eponym for the American way of war at the close of the millennium. A Combat Operations Center (COC)--combining intelligence, operations and fire support coordination--will resemble the trading floor. Commodity markets, like battlefields, are zero-sum games where every winner has a loser. Futures traders fight economic wars daily; Marines fight about once a decade. Some of the best traders are former military. Military skills translate to the trading world; conversely, can traders sharpen military decisionmaking? The GAMA Corporation proposed a digital-based command & control wargame, with units reporting hundreds of firing opportunities through an animated program. The idea was championed by General Richard D. Hearney, Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps, and Mr. Patrick Thompson, President of the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX). On December 4-5 in New York City, 22 Marines teamed one-on-one with 22 traders. The first day the Marines went on the tumultuous trading floor and participated in a mock trading simulation. The simulation enabled the Marines to experience how quickly large-dollar decisions are made and how important an underlying strategy is when market tempo surges. …" @default.
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• W339848486 date "1996-02-01" @default.
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• W339848486 title "War in the Pits: Marine-Futures Traders Wargame" @default.
• W339848486 doi "https://doi.org/10.21236/ada385678" @default.
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