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• W34054229 abstract "Rice bran oil was extracted from rice bran collected after four milling breaks that wereused to process rice in Bernas factory, Sekinchan, Malaysia. Two organic solvents wereused, a non-polar solvent that was hexane and a mixture of non-polar and polar, whichwere chloroform-methanol. Gamma oryzanol content of rice bran oil was thenquantified, and the total antioxidant activity (TAA) was determined using FTC and TBAmethods. After oil extraction, dietary fiber content was quantified in the four phases ofdefatted rice bran. Results showed that rice bran contained around 20 % lipid in theextracts of the two solvents used. Unlike oil yield, y-oryzanol content was affected byrice milling and the type of solvent used for extraction. For chloroform-methanolextract, phase 2 of rice milling contained the highest amount of y-oryzanol (5280 * 120pprn), followed by phase 3 (3820 * 60 pprn), phase 4 (3400 * 100 pprn), and phase 1(3000 * 80 pprn). The four phases of hexane extracts contained lower amount of yoryzanolthan chloroform-methanol extracts. Phase 2 of rice milling contained thehighest y-oryzanol content (4560 100 pprn), followed by phase 3 (2400 * 40 pprn),.phase 4 (2080 * 40 pprn), and phase 1 (1600 * 60 pprn). TAA studies showed that ricebran oil extracted from phase 2 of rice milling had significantly higher antioxidantactivity than phase 1 (pc0.05). However, no significant differences were found amongother phases (p0.05). It was found that rice bran is a good source of dietary fiber.However, fiber distribution was affected also by milling systems. Phase 2 of rice millingcontained the highest amount of TDF which was 5 1.2 * 0.9 %, followed by phases 3, 1and 4 that contained 45.2 * 1.0 %, 37.6 * 0.1 % and 35.5 * 0.8 % respectively.Caco-2 cell line was used as in vitro model to study y-oryzanol bioavailability fromdifferent formulations that were triolein solution, emulsion, tocotrienol rich fraction(TRF)-y-oryzanol emulsion, and microspheres. By day 9, cell line showed polarizedmonolayer properties as was detected from transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER)value (247.2 * 25.0 &m2) and phenol red diffusion (4.2 + 0.1 %). However, allexperiments were conducted at day 18, to ensure that cells were fully polarized. In vitrodigestion of 100 mg dose from each formulation resulted in low micellarizationconcentrations of y-oryzanol from both triolein solution and microspheres, that were 2 1* 2 pglml digestate, and 20 * 2 pgml respectively. Nevertheless, micellarizationconcentrations were greatly improved to 5087 * 147 pglml and 5 160 + 228 pglml, fromemulsion and TRF- y-oryzanol emulsion, respectively. After 10 h of incubation, only0.43 * 0.02 pg (2.03 +_ 0.09 %) y-oryzanol was transported to the lower compartmentsfrom triolein solution. Cellular uptake of y-oryzanol from microspheres after the sameperiod of incubation, increased to 1.25 * 0.09 pg (6.33 f 0.44 %). Gamma oryzanolabsorption increased further to 1 14.94 * 2.02 pg (2.3 1 f 0.04 %) and 1 15.82 * 4.52 pg(2.24 + 0.05 %) from emulsion and TRF- y-oryzanol emulsion, respectively.Phannacokinetics of y-oryzanol was studied using rabbits. Gamma oryzanol emulsionwas given as a single intravenous dose. Plasma level of y-oryzanol was quantified usingHPLC. Plasma clearance of y-oryzanol followed two compartments model, indicatingthat y-oryzanol was distributed to the internal tissues. Elimination constant was 0.086 *0.004 pg/ml.h, and the half-life was 8.040 * 0.360 h.Rabbits were used as in vivo model to study the bioavailability of y-oryzanol fromtriolein solution, microspheres, emulsion and TRF- y-oryzanol emulsion. The maximumconcentration of y-oryzanol from triolein solution was 6.37 * 1.48 pg/ml, and improvedto 130.30 * 30.40 pglml upon loading y-oryzanol in microspheres. However, in bothformulations, the maximum concentrations were achieved after 2 h of ingestion. Whereas the maximum concentrations of y-oryzanol from emulsion and TRF- y-oryzanolemulsion were 555 * 100 pglml and 525 * 95 pglml respectively and the t max. was 2 h.The absolute bioavailability of y-oryzanol emulsion was 6.61 * 0.86 %. The oralemulsion was used as a standard, so that the relative bioavailabilitiy (F relative) valuesof the other formulations were calculated. While F( relative) for y-oryzanol from trioleinsolution was only 0.51 * 0.06 %, it was significantly ('<0.05) increased to 16.63 * 1.71% upon loading y-oryzanol in microspheres. Addition of TRF to y-oryzanol emulsionresulted in an increase of F (relative) to 109.60 * 13.83 %. However, this increase couldbe due to the preservative effect of TRF antioxidants.In conclusion, the bioavailability of y-oryzanol was low. However, its absorptionincreased around 200 times after emulsification and 33 times upon loading inmicrospheres." @default.
• W34054229 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W34054229 date "2004-10-01" @default.
• W34054229 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W34054229 title "Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics Studies of Gamma Oryzanol" @default.
• W34054229 hasPublicationYear "2004" @default.
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