Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W34091767> ?p ?o ?g. }
- W34091767 endingPage "54" @default.
- W34091767 startingPage "27" @default.
- W34091767 abstract "Organotin compounds result from the addition of organic moieties to inorganic tin.Thus, one or more tin-carbon bonds exist in each organotin molecule. The organo-tin compounds are ubiquitous in the environment. Organotin compounds have many uses, including those as fungicides and stabilizers in plastics, among others in industry. The widespread use of organotins as antifouling agents in boat paints has resulted in pollution of freshwater and marine ecosystems. The presence of organotin compounds in freshwater and marine ecosystems is now understood to be a threat, because of the amounts found in water and the toxicity of some organotin compounds to aquatic organisms, and perhaps to humans as well. Organotin com-pounds are regarded by many to be global pollutants of a stature similar to biphenyl,mercury, and the polychlorinated dibenzodioxins. This stature results from the high toxicity, persistence, bioaccumulation, and endocrine disruptive features of even very low levels of selected organotin compounds.Efforts by selected governmental agencies and others have been undertaken to find a global solution to organotin pollution. France was the first country to ban the use of the organotins in 1980. This occurred before the international maritime organization (IMO) called for a global treaty to ban the application of tributyltin (TBT)-based paints. In this chapter, we review the organotin compounds with emphasis on the human exposure, fate, and distribution of them in the environment. The widespread use of the organotins and their high stability have led to contamination of some aquatic ecosystems. As a result, residues of the organotins may reach humans via food consumption. Notwithstanding the risk of human exposure, only limited data are available on the levels at which the organotins exist in foodstuffs consumed by humans. Moreover, the response of marine species to the organotins, such as TBT, has not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, more data on the organotins and the consequences of exposure to them are needed. In particular, we believe the following areas need attention: expanded toxicity testing in aquatic species, human exposure, human body burdens, and the research to identify biomarkers for testing the toxicity of the organotins to marine invertebrates." @default.
- W34091767 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W34091767 creator A5011897661 @default.
- W34091767 creator A5037421663 @default.
- W34091767 creator A5049791241 @default.
- W34091767 creator A5055049840 @default.
- W34091767 creator A5074627170 @default.
- W34091767 creator A5089159441 @default.
- W34091767 date "2011-01-01" @default.
- W34091767 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W34091767 title "Human Exposure, Biomarkers, and Fate of Organotins in the Environment" @default.
- W34091767 cites W145766598 @default.
- W34091767 cites W1632329287 @default.
- W34091767 cites W189521243 @default.
- W34091767 cites W1963592717 @default.
- W34091767 cites W1964386691 @default.
- W34091767 cites W1964644708 @default.
- W34091767 cites W1964675940 @default.
- W34091767 cites W1965364425 @default.
- W34091767 cites W1966068092 @default.
- W34091767 cites W1967598023 @default.
- W34091767 cites W1971717768 @default.
- W34091767 cites W1979128786 @default.
- W34091767 cites W1979164709 @default.
- W34091767 cites W1980345575 @default.
- W34091767 cites W1980980873 @default.
- W34091767 cites W1982425917 @default.
- W34091767 cites W1982985450 @default.
- W34091767 cites W1984228258 @default.
- W34091767 cites W1985305659 @default.
- W34091767 cites W1993055252 @default.
- W34091767 cites W1994665027 @default.
- W34091767 cites W1996455722 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2000353891 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2003815900 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2004423865 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2008926724 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2010227411 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2011619700 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2012274872 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2012860494 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2013266760 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2016332724 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2016639671 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2016865541 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2017242690 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2017653001 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2017826069 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2019065124 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2019199016 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2019648770 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2020468981 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2020808799 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2026826534 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2029246009 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2030760494 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2032900071 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2033578182 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2036486938 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2038023622 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2038721877 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2040130518 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2040175110 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2040441208 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2041751663 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2050333390 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2051025687 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2055389378 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2055642999 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2056411075 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2061112376 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2062106595 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2064124796 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2066276005 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2066396235 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2068523145 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2068717435 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2069815028 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2070669845 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2072147906 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2072972782 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2073163063 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2075144741 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2078243423 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2080476633 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2080702124 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2081072492 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2081087228 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2083555686 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2094194945 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2094779739 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2096113759 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2098299168 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2099191016 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2100861776 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2101346415 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2105305610 @default.
- W34091767 cites W2131669253 @default.