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• W34164033 abstract "The author examines the rival claims of Russia and Romania to the ancient principality if Moldova (Moldavia) and the 1992 Dnestr conflict. Key Words: Moldavia, Russia, Romania, Ukraine, Trans-Dnestr. The seeds of perestroika sown in the 1980's unleashed strong aspirations for national independence in the non-Russian republics. Perestroika also sharpened the desire of the Russians living outside Russia to preserve their positions and to keep the country they were living in under Moscow. Russians in various republics were left somehow to fend for themselves and to defend Moscow's interests. In the process, bloody confrontations erupted in the Caucasus, in Central Asia, and in the Trans-Dnestr region of Moldova.1 The 1992 Dnestr war was apparently triggered by local Russians, but with the full encouragement and assistance of Moscow. Russia wanted to keep Moldova under control, Romania at bay, and Ukraine under threat. The question is what did the war accomplish? From the Trans-Dnestr Region to the Dnestr Republic The eastern half of the old Romanian Principality of Moldova, or Bessarabia as it was better known for many years, occupies the land between the Prut and Dnestr Rivers. The province was annexed by the Russian Empire during the nineteenth century. It became part of modern Romania in 1918, and was reannexed by the Soviet Union together with Northern Bukovina in 1940. In spite of having been a Soviet Republic for over four decades, no reputed scholar doubted its Romanian nature. The Trans-Dnestr region of Moldova is a different story. Except for short periods of time during the Middle Ages, this area has never been part of Moldova or modern Romania. Moscow, however, began to use this region for geo-political reasons very early during the Soviet era. In 1924 when Bessarabia was part of Romania, the Soviet Union set up a Moldavian autonomous republic in this area of Ukraine with the avowed purpose of reannexing Bessarabia. When Moscow reannexed the province in 1940 and again in 1944, it redrew its boundaries in a very treacherous way. It gave Ukraine the northern and southern reaches of Bessarabia together with most of the territory of the Moldavian autonomous republic. And to complicate the matter, it gave to the new Moldavian Republic a small portion of the left bank of the Dnestr where Tiraspol is located. This is the beginning of a shrewd geo-political game that has served Moscow well for 70 years, but which created a real nightmare in the end. As long as the Soviet Union was strong and repressive, no republic could think of independence and national boundaries. When the Soviet Union disintegrated and each republic became independent, Moscow began the tedious process of adapting to the new geo-political reality. With regard to Moldova, Moscow tried first to re-attract it to the new community, but Kishinev refused to join all the functions of the new union pursued by Russia. Instead, the Moldavians organized themselves, elected new leaders, and began to fight for their own goals. In a few years time, they reasserted their Romanian origin and they reimposed the Latin script and the Romanian language. Moreover, for the first time since the 1940 annexation, they began to speak freely of the possibility of reunification with Romania. The Russians of Moldavia began to show the first signs of concern and opposition towards a possible reunification of Moldova with Romania in the late 1980's and especially after the 1989 Romanian revolution. The Russians complained openly that they might be compelled to learn Romanian and could be discriminated against. They sensed that Moldova would eventually reunite with Romania and they rejected the prospect of losing their privileges. It appears, nonetheless, that the Russians inside Moldova were more inclined to accept such a possibility, but those living on the left bank of the Dnestr opposed it bitterly. At the beginning, without having any reason to revolt against the Moldavian authorities, the Tiraspol Russians instigated the small Gagauz minority of southern Moldova to declare a separate state. …" @default.
• W34164033 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W34164033 date "1999-04-01" @default.
• W34164033 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
• W34164033 title "The Moldavian-Dnestr Republic: A Geo-Political Game" @default.
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