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• W342816532 abstract "AbstractAn increasing worldwide concern about a decline in the quality of the motor ability of children was the motivation for this exploratory comparative study. It involves a comparison of the motor ability of children aged 8 and 9 years from Hamburg (n=774), Melbourne (n=141) and Cape Town (n=81). Since each of these global cities represents a typically culturally diverse modem center of population, data were also tentatively analyzed according to ethno-cultural background, as a potential contributing variable to better understand the results of studies such as these.The children's motor abilities were tested by five items from the Allgemeiner Sportmotorischer Test fur Kinder or AST 6 -11 (Bos, Opper, Woll, Liebisch, Breithecker, & Kremer, 2001). Results were analyzed in terms of city and sex by means of a twoway Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). A composite motor profile was also constructed using all five items. This was then used in a further comparison of major ethno cultural groups within each of the three cities.Differences in motor ability were evident between the children of the three cities. The children from Hamburg demonstrated the highest levels of performance overall and those of Melbourne the lowest. Both sex and ethno-cultural background were significant mediating variables in all contexts. Boys scored higher than girls on the AST 6-11 at all locations. For children of a European background in both Hamburg and Melbourne, a higher performance was identified when compared with their same city peers of Asian origins. The best performing cultural group overall were the Black African (Xhosa) children of Cape Town. The limitations of the study were identified and some suggestions for future comparative studies of motor ability were made.Keywords: comparative studies, cultureConcern about the levels of motor ability and motor fitness of children and adolescents is emerging worldwide. However, to date there have been few published reports of this phenomenon from outside the high-income nations of the Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Rather, studies in the USA (Kuntzleman & Reiff, 1992), Canada (Craig, Beaulieu, & Cameron, 1994) and Australia (Booth, et al., 1997; Tomkinson, 2004) have been among the first to have reported such a decline in motor achievement. In Germany some authors have made similar claims (Bos, 2003). Questions as to what extent this is a worldwide issue and, what may be the main factors related to it, can only be answered by comparative studies. However, comparative studies at the international level investigating both motor ability and the environmental factors, which relate to it have been limited (Baur, 1993). This is, at least in part, because the administration of comparative studies is complex, difficult, and consequently expensive.As a starting point for exploring some of the conceptual and methodological issues to be addressed in such studies, this study compared the motor ability of children from three modem world cities on three different continents. It is based on some of the protocols developed for the Hamburg study - Motorische Leistungsfahigkeit von Grundschulkindern in Hamburg (MOLE, Kretschmer & Wirszing, 2008), which were then applied to two smaller convenience samples of children from Melbourne in Australia and Cape Town in South Africa. The purpose was to look for similarities and differences in the motor ability of the children who were the participants in these three examples of contemporary city life. At the same time, acknowledging the growing ethnic and cultural diversity of major world cities and accepting this as being a possible source of increasing variance in movement culture within populations, we also sought to explore the potential significance of ethno-cultural group membership upon motor-related activity and performance even within the same geographical regions.Research Background and DesignThis study investigated the motor ability of selected primary school children from the greater metropolitan areas of Hamburg, Melbourne and Cape Town. …" @default.
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• W342816532 date "2013-04-01" @default.
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• W342816532 title "A Comparison of the Motor Ability of 8 and 9 Year Old Primary School Children in Hamburg, Melbourne and Cape Town : An Exploratory Study" @default.
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